ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2022
Early-life inflammatory markers and subsequent psychotic and depressive episodes between 10 to 28 years of age.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paediatric DNA methylation profile scores: a systematic review and open-source atlas.EBioMedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Interpersonal stress, epigenetic indices of inflammation, and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal associations from adolescence to young adulthood.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Protein epigenetic scores derived in neonatal saliva as biomarkers of childhood cognition.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The triglyceride-glucose index in relation to psychotic symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploration of Novel Biomarkers Through a Precision Medicine Approach Using Multi-Omics and Brain Organoids in Patients With Atypical Depression and Psychotic Symptoms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Role of CCL11-CCR3 Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Cognitive Impairment in Early-onset Schizophrenia: Insights from Preclinical Studies.Inflammation · 2025Article
- A novel DNA methylation-based surrogate biomarker for chronic systemic inflammation (Inflammation Latent Variable Methylation Surrogate, InfLaMeS).The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Associations between IL-6 and trajectories of depressive symptoms across the life course: Evidence from ALSPAC and UK Biobank cohorts.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Assessment of common mental disorders in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort at age 24 years using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R).Wellcome open research · 2025Article
- Association between tuberculosis and psychotic experiences: Mediating factors and implications for patient care in low- and middle-income countries.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Article
- Correlating plasma protein profiles with symptomatology and treatment response in acute phase and early remission of major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Neuroimmunometabolic alterations and severity of depressive symptoms in people with HIV: An exploratory diffusion-weighted MRS study.Brain and neuroscience advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated in depression and psychosis, including association of childhood inflammatory markers on the subsequent risk of developing symptoms. However, it is unknown whether early-life inflammatory markers are associated with the number of depressive and psychotic symptoms from childhood to adulthood. Using the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents birth cohort (N = up-to 6401), we have examined longitudinal associations of early-life inflammation [exposures: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at age 9y; IL-6 and CRP DNA-methylation (DNAm) scores at birth and age 7y; and IL-6 and CRP polygenic risk scores (PRSs)] with the number of depressive episodes and psychotic experiences (PEs) between ages 10-28 years. Psychiatric outcomes were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and Psychotic Like Symptoms Questionnaires, respectively. Exposure-outcome associations were tested using negative binomial models, which were adjusted for metabolic and sociodemographic factors. Serum IL-6 levels at age 9y were associated with the total number of depressive episodes between 10 and 28y in the base model (n = 4835; β = 0.066; 95%CI:0.020-0.113; pFDR = 0.041) which was weaker when adjusting for metabolic and sociodemographic factors. Weak associations were observed between inflammatory markers (serum IL-6 and CRP DNAm scores) and total number of PEs. Other inflammatory markers were not associated with depression or PEs. Early-life inflammatory markers are associated with the burden of depressive episodes and of PEs subsequently from childhood to adulthood. These findings support a potential role of early-life inflammation in the aetiology of depression and psychosis and highlight inflammation as a potential target for treatment and prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.