ReviewBladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2022
Mechanism of Sex Differences in Bladder Cancer: Evident and Elusive Sex-biasing Factors.
Review in Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- TRIM29 is Critical for Bladder Cancer Progression and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Niche.Research square · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in gene expression in early-stage bladder cancer revealed by whole-transcriptome sequencing.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Sexual dimorphism in cancer: molecular mechanisms and precision oncology perspectives.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Integrative microRNA and transcriptome analysis reveals sex-specific molecular divergence in human bladder cancer.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- MAIT cells promote cancer progression and regulatory T cell accumulation in bladder tumor microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The Gender-Biased Differential Effect ofCancers · 2025Article
- Integrative multi-omics study identifies sex-specific molecular signatures and immune modulation in bladder cancer.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Mini-Review: Current Bladder Cancer Treatment-The Need for Improvement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Single-cell profiling of murine bladder cancer identifies sex-specific transcriptional signatures with prognostic relevance.iScience · 2023Article
- Global trends in the epidemiology of bladder cancer: challenges for public health and clinical practice.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Sexual dimorphism in bladder cancer: a review of etiology, biology, diagnosis, and outcomes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Long-term cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with bladder cancer: a real-world retrospective study of 129,765 cases based on the SEER database.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bladder cancer incidence is drastically higher in males than females across geographical, racial, and socioeconomic strata. Despite potential differences in tumor biology, however, male and female bladder cancer patients are still clinically managed in highly similar ways. While sex hormones and sex chromosomes have been shown to promote observed sex differences, a more complex story lies beneath these evident sex-biasing factors than previously appreciated. Advances in genomic technology have spurred numerous preclinical studies characterizing elusive sex-biasing factors such as epigenetics, X chromosome inactivation escape genes, single nucleotide polymorphism, transcription regulation, metabolism, immunity, and many more. Sex-biasing effects, if properly understood, can be leveraged by future efforts in precision medicine based on a patient's biological sex. In this review, we will highlight key findings from the last half century that demystify the intricate ways in which sex-specific biology contribute to differences in pathogenesis as well as discuss future research directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.