ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022
Validation of the generalized anxiety disorder scales (GAD-7 and GAD-2) in primary care settings in Latvia.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07125404 (Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Auriculotherapy in the Treatment of Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorders and Anxiety), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Auriculotherapy in the Treatment of Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorders and Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and 2-item (GAD-2) scales for detecting anxiety disorders in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Auriculotherapy in the Treatment of Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorders and Anxiety: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Trial
- Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Relationship between socio-linguistic factors and symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychosis in the general population.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Assessing anxiety in high-altitude Tibetan communities: validation of a Tibetan version GAD-7.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Associations of Lifestyle Behaviors with Anxiety and Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
- Psychoactive Substance Use and Its Association with Mental Health Symptomatology Among Latvian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Evidence for a severe cognitive subgroup in a comprehensive neuropsychological Post-COVID-19 syndrome classification.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Capacity to Invest Effort as a Predictor of Preference for Digital Mental Health Interventions Over Psychotherapy: Cross-Sectional Study Using an Ecological Digital Screening Tool.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Depression and anxiety in health human resources during the first COVID-19 wave in northern Peru: a multicenter study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clinical utility of the GAD-7 for detecting generalized anxiety in Quechua indigenous people.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Introducing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in the Latvian government-funded mental health sector.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
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- The Association of Plasma Selenium and Selenoprotein P Levels with Depression Severity and Anxiety Symptoms Among Medical Students in Latvia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Interconnected Pathways: Exploring Inflammation, Pain, and Cognitive Decline in Osteoarthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Do changes in eating behaviors signal rising mental health concerns among Saudi high schoolers?BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Self-Esteem and Occupational Factors as Predictors of the Incidence of Anxiety and Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latvia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Case report: Development of anxiety symptoms after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccine: a case series.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prevalence of and relevant factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant women on the eastern seaboard of China in the post-COVID-19 era: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in the world and have an important impact on the global burden of disease. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent anxiety disorder encountered in primary care. There are no available validated anxiety screening tools in primary care in Latvia. We aimed to validate both a seven-item and a two-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7 and GAD-2) in the Latvian and Russian languages, to detect generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in primary care settings in Latvia. Methods: During a 1-week period, all patients aged 18 years or older visiting their GP (general practitioners) with any health concern at 24 primary care settings throughout Latvia were invited to complete the GAD-7 in their native language (Latvian or Russian). Criterion validity was assessed against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results: The study sample included 1,459 participants who completed the GAD-7 and the MINI. The GAD-7 items showed good internal reliability [Cronbach's alpha 0.87 for Latvian version and 0.85 for Russian version (for Latvia) of the GAD-7]. A cut-off score for detecting GAD of 5 or above was estimated for Latvian version of the GAD-7 (sensitivity 75.4%, specificity 68.9%, respectively) and 7 or above for Russian version of the GAD-7 (sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 84.1%, respectively). The internal reliability of the GAD-2 was lower for both languages (Cronbach's alpha 0.75 for Latvian version and 0.68 for Russian version of the GAD-2). A cut-off score of 2 or above was established for both the Latvian, and Russian versions of the GAD-2 (sensitivity 78.9 and 83.3%; specificity 63.7 and 69.1% for the Latvian and Russian versions of the GAD-2, accordingly) for detecting GAD. Conclusions: This is the first study to report criterion validity of the Latvian and Russian (for Latvia) versions of the GAD-7 and GAD-2, assessed in a nationwide study conducted at the primary care level.
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