ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Chronovaccination: Harnessing circadian rhythms to optimize immunisation strategies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune mechanisms mediating the heterologous effects of BCG vaccination: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Chrono-optimizing vaccine administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Circadian Variation in the Response to Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Evidence Appraisal.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Pooled it
- Influenza vaccine response is predicted by chronotype and differentially associated with pre- and post-vaccination sleep.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Circadian control of immune homeostasis in cardiovascular health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The hallmarks of neuro-immune reprogramming in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Optimizing Nivolumab Efficacy: The Role of Dosing Time in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review on How Timing Matters: Circadian and Sleep Influences on Influenza Vaccine Induced Immunity.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults.Nature aging · 2025Review
- Influence of circadian rhythm on the determination of the IMMune Age indeX (IMMAX).Frontiers in aging · 2025Article
- Circadian de(regulation) in physiology: implications for disease and treatment.Genes & development · 2024Review
- Why does circadian timing of administration matter for immune checkpoint inhibitors' efficacy?British journal of cancer · 2024Review
- Biological rhythms in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in an observational cohort study of 1.5 million patients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Observational
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions to optimize cancer immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccination, as a public health measure, offers effective protection of populations against infectious diseases. Optimising vaccination efficacy, particularly for higher-risk individuals, like the elderly whose immunocompromised state can prevent the development of robust vaccine responses, is vital. It is now clear that 24-hour circadian rhythms, which govern virtually all aspects of physiology, can generate oscillations in immunological responses. Consequently, vaccine efficacy may depend critically on the time of day of administration(s), including for Covid-19, current vaccines, and any future diseases or pandemics. Published clinical vaccine trials exploring diurnal immune variations suggest this approach could represent a powerful adjunct strategy for optimising immunisation, but important questions remain to be addressed. This review explores the latest insights into diurnal immune variation and the outcomes of circadian timing of vaccination or 'chronovaccination'.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.