Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36274459›Full record

ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2022

Considering multiple governance levels in epidemiologic analysis of public policies.

Alina S Schnake-Mahl, Jaquelyn L Jahn, Jonathan Purtle, Usama Bilal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Measuring the Health of Philadelphia's City Council Districts.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Developing an Index to Measure Structural Racism: Methodological Process, Challenges, and Considerations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alina S Schnake-MahlUrban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: as5494@drexel.edu.
Jaquelyn L JahnThe Ubuntu Center on Racism, Global Movements & Population Health Equity, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jonathan PurtleDepartment of Public Health Policy & Management, Global Center for Implementation Science, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Usama BilalUrban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Funding

The Health Consequences of Urban ScalingDP5OD026429 · OD · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI BILAL, USAMA · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
Social and policy determinants and impacts on COVID-19 and influenza disparitiesK01AI168579 · NIAID · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI Alina Schnake-Mahl · 2022 to 2026
$601k
Policy Implementation Research on Earmarked Taxes for Mental Health ServicesR21MH125261 · NIMH · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI PURTLE, JONATHAN · 2021 to 2022
$404k
NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI168579NIH HHS DP5 OD026429NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH125261
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemiology is increasingly asking questions about the use of policies to address structural inequities and intervene on health disparities and public health challenges. However, there has been limited explicit consideration of governance structures in the design of epidemiologic policy analysis. To advance empirical and theoretical inquiry in this space, we propose a model of governance analysis in which public health researchers consider at what level 1) decision-making authority for policy sits, 2) policy is implemented, 3) and accountability for policy effects appear. We follow with examples of how these considerations might improve the evaluation of the policy drivers of population health. Consideration and integration of multiple levels of governance, as well as interactions between levels, can help epidemiologists design studies including new opportunities for quasi-experimental designs and stronger counterfactuals, better quantify the policy drivers of inequities, and aid research evidence and policy development work in targeting multiple levels of governance, ultimately supporting evidence-based policy making.

Indexed as

Policy MakingPublic PolicyHealth PolicyHumansPublic HealthCausal inferenceGovernanceHealth disparitiesHealth equityPolicy evaluation

Identifiers

PMID36274459
PMCPMC9896379

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.