ArticleBiology of sex differences2022
Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Interplay of gut microbiota, immune cells and natural products in reshaping cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The role of deoxycholic acid in macrophage polarization and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment during colorectal adenoma-carcinoma transition.Cancer & metabolism · 2025Article
- Distinct metabolic and genetic alterations in tumors from early-onset versus late-onset colorectal cancer.Free radical biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Machine learning-based prediction model for omental metastasis in right-sided colon cancer patients: a retrospective multicenter study.International journal of colorectal disease · 2025Article
- Sex-specific effects of exogenous asparagine on colorectal tumor growth, 17β-estradiol levels, and aromatase.Pharmacological research · 2025Article
- Multidimensional differences of right- and left-sided colorectal cancer and their impact on targeted therapies.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Emerging role of bile acids in colorectal liver metastasis: From molecular mechanism to clinical significance (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Interplay between bile acids, gut microbiota, and the tumor immune microenvironment: mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- The Potential of Metabolomics in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Charting the metabolic biogeography of the colorectum in cancer: challenging the right sided versus left sided classification.Molecular cancer · 2024Article
- Chemical Isotope Labeling and Dual-Filtering Strategy for Comprehensive Profiling of Urinary Glucuronide Conjugates.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Growth characteristics of HCT116 xenografts lacking asparagine synthetase vary according to sex.Human genomics · 2024Article
- Comparative profiling of serum, urine, and feces bile acids in humans, rats, and mice.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Detection and analysis of serum bile acid profile in patients with colonic polyps.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- The role of gut microbiota in intestinal disease: from an oxidative stress perspective.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Biological and Clinical Characteristics of Proximal Colon Cancer: Far from Its Anatomical Subsite.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Review
- Hyodeoxycholic acid inhibits colorectal cancer proliferation through the FXR/EREG/EGFR axis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Alteration of serum bile acids in non-small cell lung cancer identified by a validated LC-MS/MS method.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBile acids are known to be genotoxic and contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the link between CRC tumor bile acids to tumor location, patient sex, microbiome, immune-regulatory cells, and prognosis is not clear.
methodsWe conducted bile acid analysis using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) on tumor tissues from CRC patients (n = 228) with survival analysis. We performed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) on tumors to examine immune cells.
resultsTwelve of the bile acids were significantly higher in right-sided colon tumors compared to left-sided colon tumors. Furthermore, in male patients, right-sided colon tumors had elevated secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid) compared to left-sided colon tumors, but this difference between tumors by location was not observed in females. A high ratio of glycoursodeoxycholic to ursodeoxycholic was associated with 5-year overall survival (HR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.17 to 12.1, P = 0.026), and a high ratio of glycochenodeoxycholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid was associated with 5-year recurrence-free survival (HR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.10 to 11.84, P = 0.034). We also show correlation between these bile acids and FoxP3 + T regulatory cells.
conclusionsThis study revealed that the distribution of bile acid abundances in colon cancer patients is tumor location-, age- and sex-specific, and are linked to patient prognosis. This study provides new implications for targeting bile acid metabolism, microbiome, and immune responses for colon cancer patients by taking into account primary tumor location and sex.
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