ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2022
Inequities in life course criminal legal system sanctions: measuring cumulative involvement.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Cumulative Burden of Housing Insecurity among Children in the USA from Birth to Adolescence.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- The role of epidemiologists in addressing the public health consequences of the United States criminal legal system.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Incarceration and Healthy Aging.Journal of developmental and life-course criminology · 2025Article
- An Agenda for Addressing Health-Harming Legal Needs in Indigenous Communities.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- The physiological toll of arrests: An examination of arrest history on midlife allostatic load.Annals of epidemiology · 2024Article
- New horizons in criminal legal data: creating a comprehensive archive.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Understanding the Accumulation of Health-Related Inequities Over the Life Course Using the Mean Cumulative Count.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe impact of incarceration on health is well known. Yet, most studies measure incarceration alone and miss additional exposure to the criminal legal system over time. We evaluated adult criminal legal sanctions - inclusive of arrests, charges, probation, incarceration - from ages 18-35 and inequities by juvenile sanctions and race.
methodsUsing the National Longitudinal Survey on Youth 1997, a nationally representative data set of adolescents followed into their mid-thirties (1997-2017), we calculated the mean cumulative count, or the average number of criminal legal events per person per study visit, stratified by juvenile sanctions and race.
resultsOf 7024 participants, 1679 experienced 3,075 encounters. There were seven arrests, 30 charges, nine probation encounters, and 13 incarceration events /100 participants by age 35. Juvenile sanctions were most common for Black individuals. Among those experiencing juvenile sanctions, Black and White individuals had similar numbers of encounters, but Black individuals had more arrests and incarceration stays. For those without juvenile encounters, Black individuals had more encounters than White individuals.
conclusionsResearch on health effects of criminal legal sanctions must consider encounters beyond incarceration and focus on life course trajectories and racial inequities.
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