Sucrose solution, but not liquid sucrose diet, leads to leptin resistance irrespective of the time of day that sucrose is available.

Rats offered free access to sucrose solution in addition to a sucrose-free composite diet develop leptin resistance whereas those consuming a similar amount of sucrose from a dry diet remain leptin responsive. Here we tested whether rats consuming a complete high sucrose diet in liquid form also became leptin resistant. Female Sprague Dawley rats were offered a sucrose free diet (NS), a dry high sucrose diet (HS), NS diet plus 30% sucrose solution (LiqS), NS diet in liquid form (NSLiq) or HS diet in Liquid form (HSLiq). After 30 days LiqS rats were leptin resistant, but all other groups were leptin responsive even though HSLiq rats consumed as much sucrose as LiqS rats and NSLiq rats had the greatest amount of body fat. Therefore, development of leptin resistance is dependent upon the consumption of sucrose independent of any other nutrients. Because LiqS rats consume sucrose throughout the day and night we tested whether limiting sucrose solution access to either the light or dark period prevented development of leptin resistance. Leptin resistant LiqS rats were either given free access to sucrose, had access to sucrose only at night or had access only during the day. The intake of rats with limited access was supplemented to the level of those with free access by tube-feeding. The results of this study show that leptin resistance of LiqS rats is independent of when the sucrose is consumed and is unrelated to total energy intake, body fat mass or serum leptin concentration.