ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2023
Assessing Leukocyte Profiles of Salamanders and Other Amphibians: A Herpetologists' Guide.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parasite Infections Influence Immunological Responses But Not Reproductive Success of Male Hellbender Salamanders (Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- The habitat quality paradox: loss of riparian forest cover leads to decreased risk of parasitism and improved body condition in an imperiled amphibian.Conservation physiology · 2024Article
- The ontogenesis and heterogeneity of basophils.Discovery immunology · 2024Review
- The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2023Review
- Effects of exogenous elevation of corticosterone on immunity and the skin microbiome of eastern newts (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Assessing numbers of leukocytes in salamanders and other amphibians can be useful metrics for understanding health or stress levels of individuals in a population. In this chapter we describe the procedures for obtaining blood samples from amphibians, preparing blood films for microscopy, counting, and identifying cells. We also provide reference values for amphibian leukocytes for use in interpreting leukocyte data. From our assessment of the published and unpublished literature, "non-stressed" salamanders would have a leukocyte profile where 60-70% of cells are lymphocytes, 17-30% are neutrophils, 1-4% are eosinophils, 4-12% are basophils, and 2-6% are monocytes. In Ambystoma spp., the eosinophil abundance can be notably higher (30% of all white blood cells), for reasons unknown. Finally, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio of most non-stressed salamanders tends to be between 0.3 and 0.4 (sometimes less), while the ratios of stressed salamanders tend to be over 1.0.
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Registered trials
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