ArticleInternational journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery2023
Three-dimensional quantification of skeletal midfacial complex symmetry.
Article in International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- A novel fluoride tray-assisted workflow for artificial intelligence-driven automated maxillary gingival segmentation on cone beam CT.Dento maxillo facial radiology · 2026Article
- Clinical Applicability of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Implant Planning and Surgical Guide Design in the Maxillary Esthetic Zone: A Registry-Based Cohort Study.Clinical oral implants research · 2026Article
- FDA-Approved AI Solutions in Dental Imaging: A Narrative Review of Applications, Evidence, and Outlook.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Evaluation of gender and age differences in orbital symmetry for mirrored implant feasibility: a multicenter study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- CT-Based Morphometric Analysis of Zygomaticomaxillary Suture Symmetry: Implications for Diagnostic Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Automatic Segmentation of Teeth, Crown-Bridge Restorations, Dental Implants, Restorative Fillings, Dental Caries, Residual Roots, and Root Canal Fillings on Orthopantomographs: Convenience and Pitfalls.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
purposeQuantification of skeletal symmetry in a healthy population could have a strong impact on the reconstructive surgical procedures where mirroring of the contralateral healthy side acts as a clinical reference for the restoration of unilateral defects. Hence, the aim of this study was to three-dimensionally assess the symmetry of skeletal midfacial complex in skeletal class I patients.
methodsA sample of 100 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (50 males, 50 females; age range: 19-40 years) were recruited. Automated segmentation of the skeletal midfacial complex was performed to create a three-dimensional (3D) virtual model using a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based segmentation tool. Thereafter, the segmented model was mirrored and registered to quantify skeletal symmetry using a color-coded conformance mapping based on a surface part comparison analysis.
resultsOverall, the mean and root-mean-square (RMS) differences between complete true and mirrored models were 0.14 ± 0.12 and 0.87 ± 0.21 mm, respectively. Female patients had a significantly more symmetrical midfacial complex (mean difference: 0.11 ± 0.1 mm, RMS: 0.81 ± 0.17 mm) compared to male patients (mean difference: 0.16 ± 0.13 mm, RMS: 0.94 ± 0.23 mm). No significant difference existed between left and right sides irrespective of the patient's gender.
conclusionThe comparison between true and mirrored complete and left/right split midfacial complex showed symmetry within a clinically acceptable range of 1 mm, which justifies the applicability of using the mirroring technique. The presented data could act as a reference guide for surgeons during planning of reconstructive surgical procedures and outcome assessment at follow-up.
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