ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2022
Proviral role of human respiratory epithelial cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: Part II. Outcomes in Omicron and risk-benefit for self-care.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- When Viruses Talk through Extracellular Vesicles: a New Perspective on Sars-Cov-2-Induced Neurodegeneration.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Unveiling alternate pathways for SARS-CoV-2 infection via extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Coordinate Bacterial Cloaking in Lung Epithelial Cells to Alleviate Acute Inflammatory Injury.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- Effects of small extracellular vesicles derived from normoxia- and hypoxia-treated prostate cancer cells on the submandibular salivary gland epitheliumTissue barriers · 2025Article
- Proteomics of blood extracellular vesicles in inflammatory respiratory diseases for biomarker discovery and new insights into pathophysiology.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pandemic Viral Infections.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Flow cytometry for extracellular vesicle characterization in COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Lung Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- MicroRNAs Derived from Extracellular Vesicles: Keys to Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in Cancer Patients?Cancers · 2023Review
- COVID-19 Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Increase the Density of Lipid Rafts in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The importance of activated TMPRSS2 in the proviral role of small extracellular vesicles in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Meet changes with constancy: Defence, antagonism, recovery, and immunity roles of extracellular vesicles in confronting SARS-CoV-2.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) are 50-200 nm in diameter vesicles delimited by a lipid bilayer, formed within the endosomal network or derived from the plasma membrane. They are secreted in various biological fluids, including airway nasal mucus. The goal of this work was to understand the role of sEVs present in the mucus (mu-sEVs) produced by human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that uninfected HNECs produce mu-sEVs containing SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and activated protease TMPRSS2. mu-sEVs cleave prefusion viral Spike proteins at the S1/S2 boundary, resulting in higher proportions of prefusion S proteins exposing their receptor binding domain in an 'open' conformation, thereby facilitating receptor binding at the cell surface. We show that the role of nasal mu-sEVs is to complete prefusion Spike priming performed by intracellular furin during viral egress from infected cells. This effect is mediated by vesicular TMPRSS2 activity, rendering SARS-CoV-2 virions prone to entry into target cells using the 'early', TMPRSS2-dependent pathway instead of the 'late', cathepsin-dependent route. These results indicate that prefusion Spike priming by mu-sEVs in the nasal cavity plays a role in viral tropism. They also show that nasal mucus does not protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but instead facilitates it.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.