Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36271753›Full record

ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2023

Vergence/accommodative therapy for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children: Time course of improvements in convergence function.

Erin C Jenewein, Susan Cotter, Tawna Roberts, Marjean Kulp, G Lynn Mitchell, Lisa A Jones-Jordan, Angela M Chen, Kristine Hopkins, Kristine Huang, Deborah Amster and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 41% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Objective evaluation of fusional vergence after a vision therapy protocol in typical binocular vision.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025
    Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Erin C JeneweinPennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4683-2796
Susan CotterSouthern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8402-0521
Tawna RobertsDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Marjean KulpThe Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0486-6998
G Lynn MitchellThe Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Lisa A Jones-JordanThe Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Angela M ChenSouthern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1227-5672
Kristine HopkinsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Kristine HuangSouthern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, USA.
Deborah AmsterNova Southeastern University College of Optometry, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
Gregory FechoNova Southeastern University College of Optometry, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
Julie TylerSouthern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, USA.
Shivakhaami MeiyeppenPennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Mitchell ScheimanPennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART) Investigator Group
Marshall B. Ketchum University · USSalus University · USThe Ohio State University · USNova Southeastern University · USStanford University · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022599 · NEI · SALUS UNIVERSITY · PI SCHEIMAN, MITCHELL M · 2014 to 2018
$2.2M
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial- Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART)U10EY022601 · NEI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MITCHELL, GLADYS L · 2014 to 2018
$1.5M
Convergence Insuffiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022586 · NEI · STATE COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY · PI SCHULMAN, ERICA · 2014 to 2018
$791k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022595 · NEI · SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY · PI COTTER, SUSAN ANNE · 2014 to 2018
$729k
The Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022600 · NEI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MED CTR OF AKRON · PI HERTLE, RICHARD W · 2014 to 2018
$693k
Convergence Infufficency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART)U10EY022592 · NEI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KULP, MARJEAN T · 2014 to 2018
$609k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022587 · NEI · SALUS UNIVERSITY · PI GALLAWAY, MICHAEL · 2014 to 2018
$577k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022596 · NEI · NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI COULTER, RACHEL ANASTASIA · 2014 to 2018
$513k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART)U10EY022591 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI TAMKINS, SUSANNA M · 2014 to 2018
$439k
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading TrialU10EY022594 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI HOPKINS, KRISTINE BECKER · 2014 to 2018
$438k
NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022586NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022587NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022591NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022592NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022594NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022595NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022596NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022599NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022600NEI NIH HHS U10 EY022601
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate the time course of improvements in clinical convergence measures for children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy.

methodsWe evaluated convergence measures from 205, 9- to 14-year-old children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency randomised to office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART). Near-point of convergence (NPC) and near-positive fusional vergence (PFV) were measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of therapy; mean change in NPC and PFV between these time points were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Rates of change in NPC and PFV from: (1) baseline to 4 weeks and (2) 4-16 weeks were calculated. For each time point, the proportion of participants to first meet the normal criterion for NPC (<6 cm), PFV blur (break if no blur; >15Δ and >2 times the exodeviation) and convergence composite (NPC and PFV both normal) were calculated.

resultsThe greatest change in NPC and PFV (7.6 cm and 12.7 Δ) and the fastest rate of improvement in NPC and PFV (1.9 cm/week and 3.2 Δ/week, respectively) were both found during the first 4 weeks of therapy, with both slowing over the subsequent 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of therapy, the NPC, PFV and convergence composite were normal in 93.2%, 91.7% and 87.8% of participants, respectively, and normalised with another 4 weeks of therapy in 4.4%, 2.0% and 4.4% of participants, respectively.

conclusionAlthough the greatest improvements in NPC and PFV occurred in the first 4 weeks of therapy, most participants had weekly improvements over the subsequent 12 weeks of treatment. While most children with convergence insufficiency obtained normal convergence following 12 weeks of therapy, an additional 4 weeks of vergence/accommodative therapy may be beneficial for some participants.

Indexed as

Ocular Motility DisordersResearch DesignAdolescentChildHumansconvergence insufficiencynear-point of convergencepositive fusional vergencetreatment kineticsvergence/accommodative therapy

Identifiers

PMID36271753
PMCPMC9798873
OpenAlexW4307066828

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.