Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36271550›Full record

ArticleBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2022

Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein acts as a multifunctional broad-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 by interfering virus binding to the host cells and spike-mediated cell fusion.

Ha Phan Thanh Ho, Di Ngoc Kha Vo, Tung-Yi Lin, Jo-Ning Hung, Ya-Hui Chiu, Ming-Han Tsai

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ha Phan Thanh HoInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Di Ngoc Kha VoInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tung-Yi LinInstitute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Epidemic Prevention, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jo-Ning HungInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ya-Hui ChiuInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ming-Han TsaiInstitute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Epidemic Prevention, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: m.tsai@nycu.edu.tw.
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible coronavirus that has caused over 6 million fatalities. SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike mutations are frequently endowed with a strong capability to escape vaccine-elicited protection. Due to this characteristic, a broad-spectrum inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently demanded. Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein (GMI) was previously reported to alleviate infection of SARS-CoV-2 through ACE2 downregulation whereas the impact of GMI on virus itself was less understood. Our study aims to determine the effects of GMI on SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and the more detailed mechanisms of GMI inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection.

methodsACE2-overexpressing HEK293T cells (HEK293T/ACE2) and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses carrying spike variants were used to study the effects of GMI in vitro. Infectivity was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Fusion rate mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was examined with split fluorescent protein /luciferase systems. The interactions of GMI with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and ACE2 were investigated by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting.

resultsGMI broadly blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection in various cell lines. GMI effectively inhibited the infection of pseudotyped viruses carrying different emerged spike variants, including Delta and Omicron strains, on HEK293T/hACE2 cells. In cell-free virus infection, GMI dominantly impeded the binding of spike-bearing pseudotyped viruses to ACE2-expressing cells. In cell-to-cell fusion model, GMI could efficiently inhibit spike-mediated syncytium without the requirement of ACE2 downregulation.

conclusionsGMI, an FDA-approved dietary ingredient, acts as a multifunctional broad-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and could become a promising candidate for preventing or treating SARS-CoV-2 associated diseases.

Indexed as

COVID-19 Drug TreatmentSARS-CoV-2Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antiviral AgentsCell FusionGanodermaHEK293 CellsHumansProtein BindingReceptors, VirusSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVirus AttachmentAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antiviral AgentsReceptors, VirusSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2Broad-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2Cell fusionFungal immunomodulatory proteinsGMISARS-CoV-2Viral binding

Identifiers

PMID36271550
PMCPMC9515347
OpenAlexW4297473472

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.