ArticleJournal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA
The "affected" pharmacist and the "business as usual" pharmacist: Exploring the experiences of pharmacists during COVID-19 through cluster analysis.
Article in Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Labor Supply of Full-Time and Part-Time Pharmacists in the U.S.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of burnout among community pharmacists in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of community pharmacy workplace wellness: Literature review, environmental scan, and task force recommendations.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Social robots counselling in community pharmacies - Helping or harming? A qualitative study of pharmacists' views.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- A survey of pharmacists' perception of the work environment and patient safety in community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated considerable changes in the delivery of pharmacy services, with pharmacists experiencing increasing demands and a high rate of burnout. The ability to categorize pharmacists based on their burnout risk and associated factors could be used to tailor burnout interventions.
objectiveThis study aimed to identify subgroups (profiles) of pharmacists and use these profiles to describe interventions tailored to improve pharmacist's well-being.
methodsA survey was disseminated to pharmacists working in Australia during April and June 2020. The survey measured demographics, burnout, and psychosocial factors associated with working during COVID-19. A two-step cluster analysis was used to categorize pharmacists based on burnout and other variables.
resultsA total of 647 survey responses contained data that were used for analysis. Participants were mostly female (75.7%) and working full time (65.2%). The final cluster analysis yielded an acceptable two-cluster model describing 2 very different pharmacist experiences, using 10 variables. Cluster 2 (representing 53.1% of participants) describes the "affected" pharmacist, who has a high degree of burnout, works in community pharmacy, experiences incivility, is less likely to report sufficient precautionary measures in their workplace, and has had an increase in workload and overtime. In contrast, cluster 1 (representing 46.9% of participants) describes the profile of a "business as usual" hospital pharmacist with the opposite experiences. Interventions focused on the "affected" pharmacist such as financial support to employ specialized staff and equitable access to personal protective equipment should be available to community pharmacists, to reduce the risk to these frontline workers.
conclusionThe use of cluster analysis has identified 2 distinct profiles of pharmacists working during COVID-19. The "affected" pharmacist warrants targeted interventions to address the high burnout experienced in this group.
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