SynthesisBritish journal of anaesthesia2022
Clinical effectiveness and safety of spinal anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery using a consensus-based core outcome set and patient-and public-informed outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Synthesis in British journal of anaesthesia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing perioperative outcomes between regional anesthesia and general anesthesia in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2024Pooled it
- Neuraxial versus general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery and the incidence of postoperative delirium: a systematic review and stratified meta-analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Pooled it
- Leg compression for preventing hypotension after spinal anesthesia in elderly hip fracture patients.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Trial
- Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block versus serratus anterior plane block for analgesia and respiratory function in patients with multiple rib fractures: a large-sample, single-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Opioid-Free Anesthesia with Esketamine Combined with Iliac Fascia Block in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Surgery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Long-term Outcomes with Spinal versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Trial.Anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Patent foramen ovale, bone cement implantation syndrome and paradoxical embolism : Case study and pathophysiological aspects.Die Anaesthesiologie · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of Peripheral Nerve Block with Postoperative Myocardial Injury in High-risk Cardiac Older Adults Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: A Two-center Retrospective Cohort Study.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Management and optimisation in the preoperative phase for patients with a fractured hip.EFORT open reviews · 2026Review
- [Pertrochanteric fractures].Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Chinese expert consensus on the surgical treatment of femoral neck fracture by direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty for elderly patients (2025 edition).Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2026Review
- Article
- Bone cement implantation syndrome: a scoping review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Bidirectional Relationship Between Anaesthetic Drugs and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Effects and Mechanisms.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Postoperative delirium after short-acting spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia after shared decision-making.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Observational
- Orthopaedic surgeons' perspectives on peripheral nerve blocks for surgical fixation of hip fractures in older adults.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2025Article
- Preoperative risk assessment and optimization integrating surgical and anesthetic principles and practices: a national survey for internists.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Correlation of Novel Inflammation Index with Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of contemporary RCTs to determine the clinical effectiveness of spinal vs general anaesthesia (SA vs GA) in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery using a consensus-based core outcome set, and outcomes defined as important by patient and public involvement (PPI) initiatives.
methodsRCTs comparing any of the core outcomes (mortality, time from injury to surgery, acute coronary syndrome, hypotension, acute kidney injury, delirium, pneumonia, orthogeriatric input, being out of bed at day 1 postoperatively, and pain) or PPI-defined outcomes (return to preoperative residence, quality of life, and mobility status) between SA and GA were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (2000 to February 2022). Pooled relative risks (RRs) and mean differences (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were estimated.
resultsThere was no significant difference in the risk of delirium comparing SA vs GA (RR=1.07; 95% CI, 0.90-1.29). Comparing SA vs GA, the RR for mortality was 0.56 (95% CI, 0.22-1.44) in-hospital, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.52-2.23) at 30 days, and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.55-2.12) at 90 days. Spinal anaesthesia reduced the risk of acute kidney injury compared with GA: RR=0.59 (95% CI, 0.39-0.89). There were no significant differences in the risk of other outcomes. Few studies reported PPI-defined outcomes, with most studies reporting on one to three core outcomes.
conclusionsExcept for acute kidney injury, there were no differences between SA and GA in hip fracture surgery when using a consensus-based core outcome set and patient and public involvement-defined outcomes. Most studies reported limited outcomes from the core outcome set, and few reported outcomes important to patients, which should be considered when designing future RCTs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42021275206.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.