Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36269634›Full record

ArticleEuropean heart journal2022

Restrictive cardiomyopathy: definition and diagnosis.

Claudio Rapezzi, Alberto Aimo, Andrea Barison, Michele Emdin, Aldostefano Porcari, Ales Linhart, Andre Keren, Marco Merlo, Gianfranco Sinagra

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European heart journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
90citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Classification of cardiomyopathies: bringing order to complexity.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Potential Contribution ofCardiology research and practice · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Heart Failure in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Cardiac failure review · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Claudio RapezziCardiologic Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola, 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Alberto AimoHealth Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9129-9519
Andrea BarisonHealth Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9042-340X
Michele EmdinHealth Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Aldostefano PorcariCenter for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via Giacomo Puccini, 50, 34148 Trieste, Italy.
Ales LinhartGeneral University Hospital and Charles University, Opletalova 38, 110 00 Staré Město, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-3372-7850
Andre KerenCardiology Division, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Sderot Churchill 8, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0001-6575-4901
Marco MerloCenter for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via Giacomo Puccini, 50, 34148 Trieste, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1022-3131
Gianfranco SinagraCenter for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERN GUARD-Heart, Via Giacomo Puccini, 50, 34148 Trieste, Italy.
Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna · ITUniversity of Trieste · ITCharles University · CZClalit Health Services · ILUniversity of Ferrara · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by restrictive left ventricular pathophysiology, i.e. a rapid rise in ventricular pressure with only small increases in filling volume due to increased myocardial stiffness. More precisely, the defining feature of RCM is the coexistence of persistent restrictive pathophysiology, diastolic dysfunction, non-dilated ventricles, and atrial dilatation, regardless of ventricular wall thickness and systolic function. Beyond this shared haemodynamic hallmark, the phenotypic spectrum of RCM is wide. The disorders manifesting as RCM may be classified according to four main disease mechanisms: (i) interstitial fibrosis and intrinsic myocardial dysfunction, (ii) infiltration of extracellular spaces, (iii) accumulation of storage material within cardiomyocytes, or (iv) endomyocardial fibrosis. Many disorders do not show restrictive pathophysiology throughout their natural history, but only at an initial stage (with an evolution towards a hypokinetic and dilated phenotype) or at a terminal stage (often progressing from a hypertrophic phenotype). Furthermore, elements of both hypertrophic and restrictive phenotypes may coexist in some patients, making the classification challenge. Restrictive pathophysiology can be demonstrated by cardiac catheterization or Doppler echocardiography. The specific conditions may usually be diagnosed based on clinical data, 12-lead electrocardiogram, echocardiography, nuclear medicine, or cardiovascular magnetic resonance, but further investigations may be needed, up to endomyocardial biopsy and genetic evaluation. The spectrum of therapies is also wide and heterogeneous, but disease-modifying treatments are available only for cardiac amyloidosis and, partially, for iron overload cardiomyopathy.

Indexed as

Cardiomyopathy, RestrictiveVentricular Dysfunction, LeftEchocardiographyEchocardiography, DopplerHumansMyocardiumAmyloidosisClassificationMyocardial diseaseRCMRestrictive cardiomyopathy

Identifiers

PMID36269634
PMCPMC9712030
OpenAlexW4307034086

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.