ArticlePreventive medicine reports2023
Associations of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors with vaccination among US adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, January to March 2021.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social determinants of health and COVID-19 vaccination: An individual participant data meta-analysis of adult Latino participants.Preventive medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Suppression of COVID-19 death incidence on open west coasts in the USA.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with chemical intolerance.Family medicine and community health · 2025Article
- HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls in Nigeria: The complex role of caregivers' education.PloS one · 2025Article
- Social Disparities and Critical Illness during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Critical care clinics · 2024Review
- A Study Examining the Impact of County-Level Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Political Affiliation Characteristics on COVID-19 Vaccination Patterns in Indiana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Socio-Demographic and Economic Factors Associated with Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccine among Pregnant Women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi County, Kenya.Open journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Use of the Improvement Index to Evaluate Equitable COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation in the San Francisco Bay Area.AJPM focus · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To date, there has been limited data available to understand the associations between race/ethnicity and socioeconomic and related characteristics with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination in the United States. I leveraged the large, nationally-representative cross-sectional surveys of the U.S. Household Pulse Survey between January and March 2021 with relatively complete race/ethnicity and socioeconomic data to examine national trends in levels of COVID-19 vaccine initiation and intention in adults aged 18-85 years. I further estimated the multivariable associations between race/ethnicity, education, income, and financial hardship with the adjusted prevalence odds ratios of: 1) receipt of ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine dose; and 2) among those unvaccinated, the definite intention to receive a vaccine. I observed persistent disparities in vaccine initiation for non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic multiracial/other race persons, and vaccine intention for Blacks and multiracial/other race persons, compared to non-Hispanic Whites and Asians. In late March 2021, the prevalence estimates of Hispanics and Blacks receiving a vaccine were 12-percentage points and 8-percentage points lower than for Whites, respectively. Education and income exhibited dose-response relationships with vaccine initiation (
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