ArticleBrain circulation
Perspectives on effect of spleen in ischemic stroke.
Article in Brain circulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-inflammatory Effects of Synaptamide in the Peripheral Immune System in a Murine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- S100A8/A9 inhibition reduces splenic myelopoiesis and improves outcomes after stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Immunologic Underpinnings of Post-Stroke Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Review
- Protective effects of melatonin on stroke in diabetic mice: central and peripheral inflammation modulation.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2025Article
- CD8Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- miRNA-494 in Lymphocytes: A Promising Biomarker for Acute Ischemic Stroke.Revista de neurologia · 2025Article
- Early Risk Prediction Model for Stroke-Heart Syndrome Following Endovascular Therapy.Aging and disease · 2025Article
- The spleen in ischaemic heart disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract enhances gut-peripheral organ integrity after experimental ischemic stroke.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Study on the link between neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio and acute kidney injury in severe ischemic stroke patients during hospitalization.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Cardio-cerebral infarction: a narrative review of pathophysiology, treatment challenges, and prognostic implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Synergistic effects of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on alleviating neuroinflammation and PANoptosis in cerebral ischemia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Steroids' Neuroprotective Potential in Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Experimental and Clinical Exploration of NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Impact of peripheral lymphocyte subsets on prognosis for patients after acute ischemic stroke: A potential disease prediction model approach.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Immune and inflammatory mechanism of remote ischemic conditioning: A narrative review.Brain circulationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite decades of research, stroke therapies are limited to recanalization therapies that can only be used on <10% of stroke patients; the vast majority of stroke patients cannot be treated by these methods. Even if recanalization is successful, the outcome is often poor due to subsequent reperfusion injury. A major damage mechanism operating in stroke is inflammatory injury due to excessive pro-inflammatory cascades. Many studies have shown that, after stroke, splenic inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes, are released and infiltrate the brain, heightening brain inflammation, and exacerbating ischemia/reperfusion injury. Clinical studies have observed spleen contraction in acute stroke patients where functional outcome improved with the gradual recovery of spleen volume. These observations are supported by stroke animal studies that have used splenectomy- or radiation-induced inhibition of spleen function to show spleen volume decrease during the acute phase of middle cerebral artery occlusion, and transfer of splenocytes to stroke-injured brain areas. Thus, activation and release of splenic cells are upstream of excessive brain inflammation in stroke. The development of reversible means of regulating splenic activity offers a therapeutic target and potential clinical treatment for decreasing brain inflammation and improving stroke outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.