ArticleFrontiers in genetics2022
The future regulation of artificial intelligence systems in healthcare services and medical research in the European Union.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- "First, do no harm" in the digital era: examining the practicality of the European Health Data Space proposal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence: A systematic literature review.BMC medical ethics · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence in health systems of the WHO European region: implementation, applications, opportunities, and barriers.International journal of medical informatics · 2026Article
- AI-based multimodal integration of genomics and electronic health records.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Reproducibility of Mandibular Cortical Index Classification Among Dental Examiners and a Single Generative AI Platform: An Observer Agreement Study.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- AI-Assisted Medical Documentation in a Multilingual Swiss Health Care System: Proof-of-Concept Study.JMIR AI · 2026Article
- Catching pancreatic cancer early: Are we there yet?Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- Optimization of potential targets for antidepressant Chinese medicines: AI and multi-omics methods.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- The Right to Explanation in AI: In a Lonely Place.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Transforming Skin Quality Evaluation With AI: From Subjective Grading to Data-Driven Precision.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Review
- AI models in clinical neonatology: a review of modeling approaches and a consensus proposal for standardized reporting of model performance.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Data Interoperability and Harmonization in Cardiovascular Genomic and Precision Medicine.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2025Review
- Machine learning in point-of-care testing: innovations, challenges, and opportunities.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Progress in the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ultrasound-Assisted Medical Diagnosis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antibiotics and Artificial Intelligence: Clinical Considerations on a Rapidly Evolving Landscape.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- The integration of artificial intelligence in assisted reproduction: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Review
- Implementation of artificial intelligence-based decision support systems for antibiotic prescribing in hospitals: a Delphi study.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Innovation and challenges of artificial intelligence technology in personalized healthcare.Scientific reports · 2024Review
- AI in Radiology: Navigating Medical Responsibility.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Frameworks for procurement, integration, monitoring, and evaluation of artificial intelligence tools in clinical settings: A systematic review.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite its promising future, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making in healthcare services and medical research faces several legal and ethical hurdles. The European Union (EU) is tackling these issues with the existing legal framework and drafting new regulations, such as the proposed AI Act. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) partly regulates AI systems, with rules on processing personal data and protecting data subjects against solely automated decision-making. In healthcare services, (automated) decisions are made more frequently and rapidly. However, medical research focuses on innovation and efficacy, with less direct decisions on individuals. Therefore, the GDPR's restrictions on solely automated decision-making apply mainly to healthcare services, and the rights of patients and research participants may significantly differ. The proposed AI Act introduced a risk-based approach to AI systems based on the principles of ethical AI. We analysed the complex connection between the GDPR and AI Act, highlighting the main issues and finding ways to harmonise the principles of data protection and ethical AI. The proposed AI Act may complement the GDPR in healthcare services and medical research. Although several years may pass before the AI Act comes into force, many of its goals will be realised before that.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.