Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36265135›Full record

Observational studyJMIR public health and surveillance2022

The Risk of Hospitalization and Mortality After Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Vaccine Type: Observational Study of Medical Claims Data.

Meghana Kshirsagar, Md Nasir, Sumit Mukherjee, Nicholas Becker, Rahul Dodhia, William B Weeks, Juan Lavista Ferres, Barbra Richardson

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Meghana KshirsagarMicrosoft, Redmond, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4673-614X
Md NasirMicrosoft, Redmond, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3955-0996
Sumit MukherjeeInsitro Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6532-3343
Nicholas BeckerMicrosoft, Redmond, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5552-8051
Rahul DodhiaMicrosoft, Redmond, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3812-3906
William B WeeksMicrosoft, Redmond, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9918-1360
Juan Lavista FerresMicrosoft, Redmond, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9654-3178
Barbra RichardsonDepartment of Biostatistics and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9564-1828
Microsoft (United States) · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeveral risk factors have been identified for severe COVID-19 disease by the scientific community. In this paper, we focus on understanding the risks for severe COVID-19 infections after vaccination (ie, in breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections). Studying these risks by vaccine type, age, sex, comorbidities, and any prior SARS-CoV-2 infection is important to policy makers planning further vaccination efforts.

objectiveWe performed a comparative study of the risks of hospitalization (n=1140) and mortality (n=159) in a SARS-CoV-2 positive cohort of 19,815 patients who were all fully vaccinated with the Pfizer, Moderna, or Janssen vaccines.

methodsWe performed Cox regression analysis to calculate the risk factors for developing a severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in the study cohort by controlling for vaccine type, age, sex, comorbidities, and a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

resultsWe found lower hazard ratios for those receiving the Moderna vaccine (P<.001) and Pfizer vaccine (P<.001), with the lowest hazard rates being for Moderna, as compared to those who received the Janssen vaccine, independent of age, sex, comorbidities, vaccine type, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, individuals who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination had some increased protection over and above the protection already provided by the vaccines, from hospitalization (P=.001) and death (P=.04), independent of age, sex, comorbidities, and vaccine type. We found that the top statistically significant risk factors for severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections were age of >50, male gender, moderate and severe renal failure, severe liver disease, leukemia, chronic lung disease, coagulopathy, and alcohol abuse.

conclusionsAmong individuals who were fully vaccinated, the risk of severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower for recipients of the Moderna or Pfizer vaccines and higher for recipients of the Janssen vaccine. These results from our analysis at a population level will be helpful to public health policy makers. Our result on the influence of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection necessitates further research into the impact of multiple exposures on the risk of developing severe COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19Viral VaccinesHospitalizationHumansMaleSARS-CoV-2VaccinationViral Vaccinesbooster vaccinebreakthrough infectionbreakthroughscoronavirusCOVID-19decision makinghealthcare systemhealth policyhospitalizationinfectious diseaseJanssenModernamortalityPfizerpublic healthSARS-CoV-2vaccinationvaccinesviral infection

Identifiers

PMID36265135
PMCPMC9645422
OpenAlexW4307033730

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.