ArticlePloS one2022
Trends and determinants of taking tetanus toxoid vaccine among women during last pregnancy in Bangladesh: Country representative survey from 2006 to 2019.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adequate tetanus toxoid immunization and its correlates among married women with a recent live birth in Afghanistan: Insights from a national survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Determinants of the Number of Tetanus-Toxoid Injections Before Birth Among Pregnant Women in Somalia: A Multilevel Analysis.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Modeling Zero-Dose Children in Ethiopia: A Machine Learning Perspective on Model Performance and Predictor Variables.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- A study of association between maternal tetanus toxoid immunization and neonatal mortality in the context of Bangladesh.PloS one · 2025Article
- Determinants of tetanus immunization among pregnant women where tetanus has not been eliminated: a multilevel analysis of 6 countries.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Protective doses of tetanus toxoid immunization and its associated factors among mothers in southern Ethiopia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Number of tetanus toxoid injections before birth and associated factors among pregnant women in low and middle income countries: Negative binomial poisson regression.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTetanus occurring during pregnancy is still an important cause of maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries. This study estimated the trend of tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization coverage from 2006 to 2019 in Bangladesh, considering socio-demographic, socio-economic, and geospatial characteristics.
methodsThe dataset used in this study was extracted from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2006, 2012-13, and 2019) including 28,734 women aged between 15-49 years. Data analysis was performed using cross-tabulation and logistic regression methods. Further, the spatial distribution of TT immunization coverage was also depicted.
resultsThe trend of TT immunization (81.8% in 2006 to 49.3% in 2019) and that of taking adequate doses of TT (67.1% in 2006 to 49.9% in 2019) has gradually decreased throughout the study period. Among the administrative districts, North and South-West regions had lower coverage, and South and West regions had relatively higher coverage of both TT immunization and that of adequate doses. Antenatal TT immunization (any dosage, inadequate or adequate) was significantly associated with lower age (AOR = 3.13, 1.55-6.34), higher education (AOR = 1.20, 1.03-1.40), living in urban areas (AOR = 1.17, 1.03-1.34), having immunization card (AOR = 5.19, 4.50-5.98), using government facilities for birth (AOR = 1.41, 1.06-1.88), and receiving antenatal care (ANC) (AOR = 1.51, 1.35-1.69). In addition, living in urban areas (AOR = 1.31, 1.10-1.55), having immunization cards (AOR = 1.62, 1.36-1.92), and choosing others' homes for birth (AOR = 1.37, 1.07-1.74) were significantly associated with adequate TT immunization. However, higher education (AOR = 0.57, 0.44-0.74), having poor wealth index (AOR = 0.65, 0.50-0.83), and receiving ANC (AOR = 0.76, 0.63-0.92) had lower likelihood of taking adequate TT immunization.
conclusionsThe gradual decline in the TT immunization rate in the present study suggests the presence of variable rates and unequal access to TT immunization, demanding more effective public health programs focusing on high-risk groups to ensure adequate TT immunization.
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