Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36263850›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of school health2023

Uses of Health Care System Medical Care Services by Athletes After Injury at the High School Level.

Garrett S Bullock, John F Mobley, John M Brooks, Mitchel J Rauh, R Gil Gilliland, Michael J Kissenberth, Ellen Shanley

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of school health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 50% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Garrett S BullockDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0236-9015
John F MobleyUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC.
John M BrooksSouth Carolina Center for Effectiveness Research in Orthopaedics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
Mitchel J RauhCollege of Health and Human Services, Sand Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
R Gil GillilandSteadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC.
Michael J KissenberthSteadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC.
Ellen ShanleyUniversity of South Carolina Center for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sciences, Greenville, SC; ATI Physical Therapy, Greenville, SC.
Steadman Clinic · USUniversity of South Carolina · USPrisma Health · USSan Diego State University · USUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth care utilization can vary by age group, geographic location, and socioeconomic status (SES). A paucity of information exists regarding the availability and utilization of medical care by injured scholastic athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare injuries and health care service utilization by school SES over an academic year.

methodsInjury and health care service data was collected from 1 large school district. Percentage of free and reduced lunch (FRPL) for each school was calculated to stratify schools into high (<50% FRPL) and low (≥50.1% FRPL) SES groups. Incidence proportion and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.

resultsAbout 1756 injuries were reported among over 7000 participating athletes from 14 high schools. Similar injury incidence proportions were reported between high and low SES schools (RR = 1.10 [1.00-1.20]). Athletes from low SES schools were twice (RR = 2.01 [1.21-3.35]) and over three (RR = 3.42 [1.84-6.55]) times more likely to receive emergency and physical therapy care. SES was not associated with the use of physician, imaging, or surgery services. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH, POLICY, AND EQUITY: School medical providers and administrators should have ready and provide a list of trusted outside primary care and specialty providers that have experience in sports medicine. They should also enquire and follow up on which outside provider the high school athlete will seek care when referring out to outside providers.

conclusionsInjury incidence was similar between high and low SES schools. However, athletes from low SES high schools were over 2-fold more likely to use emergency department services. Understanding factors influencing health care services choice and usage by student athletes from different socioeconomic backgrounds may assist sport medicine clinicians in identifying barriers and potential solutions in improving time to health restoration, athlete outcomes, and health care monetary burden.

Indexed as

SchoolsSportsDelivery of Health CareHumansPolicySocial Classemergency departmenthealth care accessphysical therapysocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID36263850
PMCPMC10091823
OpenAlexW4306867210

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.