ArticleEuropean heart journal2022
Risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a nationwide Danish study.
Article in European heart journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgical complications of cardiac implantable electronic devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Iodinated Adhesive Drapes for Repeat Cardiac Implantable Device Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA cardiology · 2025Trial
- Long-term incidence of infective endocarditis according to the type of cardiac implantable electronic device: a nationwide comparison with moderate- and high-risk patient groups.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Pocket: Clinical, Routine Biomarker, and Microbiological Associations with Systemic Versus Localized Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Antimicrobial Envelopes in Preventing Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Korean circulation journal · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Leadless Pacemaker vs. Transvenous Pacemaker in End-Stage Renal Disease.Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2026Article
- Evidence-Based Strategies for the Prevention of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: An Up-to-Date Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Transvenous lead extraction: predictors of procedure complexity.Open heart · 2026Article
- Validation of the PADIT (prevention of arrhythmia device infection trial) risk score for infection and infection subtypes.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- How does blood sugar level affect wound infection rates and device revision and removal rates after hypoglossal nerve stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea patients? A large database study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- The Danish Pacemaker and ICD Register: Review of Clinical and Research Potential.Clinical epidemiology · 2026Review
- Extraction and reimplantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices in patients with non-surgically treated infective endocarditis: a nationwide cohort study.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Pacemaker therapy through a sex-specific lens: a narrative review of clinical and procedural disparities.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Cardiac implantable electronic device upgrades and downgrades: a Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Association (APHRS), Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS).Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Addressing Complications in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Guideline to Prevention of CIED Infection.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Management of pacemaker lead decubitus in an adult with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: A case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2025Article
- The effect of age on the risk of early cardiac implantable electronic device infection.Heart rhythm O2 · 2025Article
- Prevalence of cardiac implantable electronic device infections in Germany in 2015.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Improved outcomes with leadless vs. single-chamber transvenous pacemaker in haemodialysis patients.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections in Patients with Renal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is a severe complication to modern management of cardiac arrhythmias. The CIED type and the type of surgery are recognized as risk factors for CIED infections, but knowledge of patient-related risk factors is scarce. This study aimed to identify lifelong patient-related risk factors for CIED infections. METHODS AND
resultsConsecutive Danish patients undergoing a CIED implantation or reoperation between January 1996 and April 2018 were included. The cohort consisted of 84 429 patients undergoing 108 494 CIED surgeries with a combined follow-up of 458 257 CIED-years. A total of 1556 CIED explantations were classified as either pocket (n = 1022) or systemic CIED infection (n = 534). Data were cross-linked with records from the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish National Prescription Registry. Using multiple-record and multiple-event per subject proportional hazard analysis, specific patient-related risk factors were identified but with several variations amongst the subtypes of CIED infection. CIED reoperations were associated with the highest risk of pocket CIED infection but also CIED type, young age, and prior valvular surgery [hazard ratio (HR): 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-2.04]. Severe renal insufficiency/dialysis (HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.65-3.49), dermatitis (HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.92-4.05), and prior valvular surgery (HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.59-2.75) were associated with the highest risk of systemic CIED infections. Congestive heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and temporary pacing were not significant at multivariate analysis.
conclusionSpecific comorbidities and surgical procedures were associated with a higher risk of CIED infections but with variations amongst pocket and systemic CIED infection. Pocket CIED infections were associated with CIED reoperations, young age and more complex type of CIED, whereas systemic CIED infections were associated with risk factors predisposing to bacteraemia.
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