ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022
Breastfeeding duration and subsequent risk of mortality among US women: A prospective cohort study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effectiveness of Parent-Targeted Digital Health Interventions on Breastfeeding Practices: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and risk of maternal type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study of 280 000 women in China.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Associations of ever breastfeeding with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women with and without diabetes: a cohort study.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among US Women.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Sustained Reduction of Subclinical Inflammation in the Years After Breastfeeding.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Occupational Exposure to Disinfectants and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease among US Nurses: The Nurses' Health Study II.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Identifying Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Length Among Filipino Migrant Women in South Korea.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Endometriosis and uterine fibroids and risk of premature mortality: prospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Quantifying the Association between Pump Use and Breastfeeding Duration.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Reproductive factors and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in women with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Lifetime Duration of Breastfeeding and Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Type 2 Diabetes or a History of Gestational Diabetes: Findings From Two Large Prospective Cohorts.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Article
- Association of early life physical and sexual abuse with premature mortality among female nurses: prospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding has been associated with a reduced maternal long-term risk of chronic diseases, but its association with mortality is poorly known. Methods: We included 166,708 female United States (US) nurses from the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2016) and the Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2019) who experienced at least one pregnancy lasting at least six months across their reproductive lifespan. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality according to lifetime breastfeeding duration were estimated with time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models. Findings: During 4,705,160 person-years of follow-up, 36,634 deaths were documented in both cohorts, including 9880 from cancer and 7709 from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lifetime total breastfeeding duration was associated with a lower subsequent risk of all-cause mortality in a non-linear manner (p-value for non-linearity=0.0007). The pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause mortality were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.98), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.90 to 0.97), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89 to 0.97), respectively, for women reporting lifetime total breastfeeding duration of 4-6, 7-11, 12-23, and ≥24 months, compared to women who breastfed for ≤3 months over their reproductive lifespan. Cause-specific analysis showed a similar pattern of non-linear inverse associations between lifetime total breastfeeding duration and CVD and cancer mortality (both p-values for non-linearity <0.01). There was no evidence of interactions between breastfeeding duration and pre-pregnancy lifestyle factors on mortality risk. Interpretation: Parous women with longer lifetime breastfeeding duration had a modestly lower risk of mortality. Funding: The National Institutes of Health grants.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.