ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Enhanced anti-cancer effects of oestrogen and progesterone co-therapy against colorectal cancer in males.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between blood lipid levels and risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Sex steroid receptors in colorectal cancer: implications for tumor progression, therapeutic opportunities, and sex-specific outcomes.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Role of Bisphenol A in the Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer: Possible Sex-Specific Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Estrogens.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Differences in the role of Gper1 in colorectal cancer progression depending on sex.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Sex Hormones and Iron-Related Biomarkers Associate with EMT Features and Tumor Stage in Colorectal Cancer: A Serum- and Tissue-Based Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Increased protein expression of interleukin-10 and its signalling molecules in colon cancer progression: potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Metabolomics- and Proteomics-Based Disease Diagnostic Classifier Model for the Prediction and Diagnosis of Colorectal Carcinoma.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Review
- 17β-estradiol in colorectal cancer: friend or foe?Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Sex differences in colorectal cancer: with a focus on sex hormone-gut microbiome axis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Progesterone receptor potentiates macropinocytosis through CDC42 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Oncogenesis · 2024Article
- Role of sex steroids in colorectal cancer: pathomechanisms and medical applications.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- Direct and indirect effects of estrogens, androgens and intestinal microbiota on colorectal cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Research progress on the biological basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes of gastrointestinal cancers.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Role of gonadally synthesized steroid hormones in the colorectal cancer microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Article
- Construction of the systemic anticancer immune environment in tumour-bearing humanized mouse by using liposome-encapsulated anti-programmed death ligand 1 antibody-conjugated progesterone.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Profiling estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in colorectal cancer in relation to gender, menopausal status, clinical stage, and tumour sidedness.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Advances in Polymeric Colloids for Cancer Treatment.Polymers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although ovarian sex steroids could have protective roles against colorectal cancer (CRC) in women, little is currently known about their potential anti-tumorigenic effects in men. Hence, this study measured the therapeutic effects of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) against azoxymethane-induced CRC in male mice that were divided into (n = 10 mice/group): negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, E2 (580 µg/Kg/day; five times/week) and P4 (2.9 mg/Kg/day; five times/week) monotherapies, and concurrent (EP) and sequential (E/P) co-therapy groups. Both hormones were injected intraperitoneally to the designated groups for four consecutive weeks. Similar treatment protocols with E2 (10 nM) and/or P4 (20 nM) were also used in the SW480 and SW620 human male CRC cell lines. The PC group showed abundant colonic tumours alongside increased colonic tissue testosterone levels and androgen (AR) and oestrogen (ERα) receptors, whereas E2 and P4 levels with ERβ and progesterone receptor (PGR) decreased significantly compared with the NC group. E2 and P4 monotherapies equally increased ERβ/PGR with p21/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3, reduced testosterone levels, inhibited ERα/AR and CCND1/survivin and promoted apoptosis relative to the PC group. Both co-therapy protocols also revealed better anti-cancer effects with enhanced modulation of colonic sex steroid hormones and their receptors, with E/P the most prominent protocol.
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