Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36263111›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of heart failure2021

Heart Transplant Immunosuppression Strategies at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

David H Chang, Jong-Chan Youn, Deanna Dilibero, Jignesh K Patel, Jon A Kobashigawa

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of heart failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Due to Increased Immune Therapies, Are Sensitized Heart Transplant Recipients at Increased Risk for Malignancies?Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Macrophage Actin Cytoskeleton in Chronic Rejection.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

David H ChangDepartment of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-0035
Jong-Chan YounDepartment of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0998-503X
Deanna DiliberoDepartment of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-3816
Jignesh K PatelDepartment of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-6750
Jon A KobashigawaDepartment of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-3172

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart transplant is the optimal treatment for selected patients with end-stage heart failure. Immunosuppression after heart transplantation has significantly reduced the incidence of rejection and improved patient outcomes with the routine use of calcineurin inhibitors. Antimetabolites and proliferation signal inhibitors add to the improvement in patient outcomes as well. The goal of induction therapy is to provide intense immunosuppression when the risk of allograft rejection is highest. Most maintenance immunosuppressive protocols employ a 3-drug regimen consisting of a calcineurin inhibitor, an antimetabolite agent and glucocorticoids. The management of rejection proceeds in a stepwise fashion based on the severity of rejection detected on biopsy and the patient's clinical presentation. This review will cover induction, maintenance, rejection therapy and some special considerations including sensitization, renal sparing protocol, and corticosteroid weaning. It will end in consideration of potential future directions in immunosuppressive strategies to promote patient and graft survival.

Indexed as

Desensitization, immunologicGraft rejectionHeart transplantationImmunosuppressionMaintenance

Identifiers

PMID36263111
PMCPMC9536714

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.