Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36262368›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of heart failure2020

Sex and Gender Differences in Heart Failure.

Vera Regitz-Zagrosek

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of heart failure, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Women's heart and echocardiography.Journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026
    Review
  8. Sex differences in vascular function among individuals with heart failure: a systematic review.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
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  16. Article
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  19. Review
  20. Review

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Vera Regitz-ZagrosekBerlin Institute for Gender in Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-3467

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) phenotypes differ according to sex. HF preserved ejection fraction (EF) has a greater prevalence in women and HF reduced EF (HFrEF) in men. Women with HF survive longer than men and have a lower risk of sudden death. Ischemia is the most prominent cause in men, whereas hypertension and diabetes contribute to a greater extent in women. Women with HF have a greater stiffness of the smaller left ventricle and a higher EF than men. This higher stiffness of women's hearts may be based on an increase in fibrosis at old age. In younger women estrogen reduces collagen production in female cardiac fibroblasts, but stimulates it in males. Lipid and energy metabolism is better maintained in female than in male stressed hearts. Pulse pressure is a key determinant of outcome in HF women but not in men. Takotsubo and peripartum cardiomyopathy are rare diseases affecting predominantly or exclusively women. Sudden cardiac arrest affects more men than women, but women are less adequately treated. New findings in HF therapy indicate that women with HFrEF need lower doses of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors than men for optimal effects. The combined neprilysin inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blockers sacubitril-valsartan led to a significant reduction in event rate versus valsartan in women, which was not observed in men. Unfortunately, only less than 10% of recent randomized controlled trial report effects and adverse drug reactions for women and men separately. More research on sex differences in pathophysiology and therapy of HF is needed.

Indexed as

Drug therapyGenderHeart failurePharmacologySexWomen

Identifiers

PMID36262368
PMCPMC9536682

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.