ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2022
Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed.
- Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Multiple introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses into the High Arctic: Svalbard and Jan Mayen, 2022-2025.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Evolving dynamics of H5Nx avian influenza in China revealed by long-term wild bird surveillance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- MF59-adjuvanted A/Astrakhan influenza vaccine induces cross-neutralizing H5N1 antibodies in ferrets against circulating clade 2.3.4.4b viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Evolution and Climate Adaptation in Eurasian Gyrfalcon Populations.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020-2023.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Global dynamics of avian influenza: a twenty-year analysis of highly pathogenic viruses linking the Caspian Basin, Eurasia and Africa sectors (2005-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbial composition of archaeological middens: tracing human footprints through centuries in Greenland's ancient settlements.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Avian influenza and One Health: bridging animal and human health through integrated surveillance and vaccination.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Evolution, spread and impact of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza A viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Transboundary Spread and Ecological Drivers of HPAI H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b During the 2022-2023 Outbreak in Chile: An Integrated Genomic and Spatial Epidemiology Framework.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Article
- Emergence, migration and spreading of the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5NX of the Gs/Gd lineage into America.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Cross-species and mammal-to-mammal transmission of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 with PB2 adaptations.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Monophyletic Lineage of Avian Influenza H5N1 Which Circulated in Venezuelan Birds During the 2022-2023 Outbreak.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Preventive, safety and control measures against Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in occupationally exposed groups: A scoping review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.4.4b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird populations, as well as poultry production. We present phylogeographic evidence that Iceland has been used as a stepping stone for HPAIV translocation from northern Europe to North America by infected but mobile wild birds. At least 2 independent incursions of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b assigned to 2 hemagglutinin clusters, B1 and B2, are documented for summer‒autumn 2021 and spring 2022. Spread of HPAIV H5N1 to and among colony-breeding pelagic avian species in Iceland is ongoing. Potentially devastating effects (i.e., local losses >25%) on these species caused by extended HPAIV circulation in space and time are being observed at several affected breeding sites throughout the North Atlantic.
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