ArticlePlant physiology2023
Effector XopQ-induced stromule formation in Nicotiana benthamiana depends on ETI signaling components ADR1 and NRG1.
Article in Plant physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis between Rose varieties which are resistant or susceptible to Alternaria alternata.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Plant plastids: from evolutionary origins to functional specialization and organelle interactions.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- Metabolomics Reveals Resistance-Related Secondary Metabolism in Sweet Cherry Infected byBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Aphid effector Mp10 balances immune suppression and defence activation through EDS1-dependent modulation of plant DAMP responses.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- The important role of chloroplasts in plant immunity.Plant communications · 2025Review
- Workflow for a Functional Assay of Candidate Effectors From Phytopathogens Using a TMV-GFP-based System.Bio-protocol · 2025Article
- Photorespiratory Metabolism and Its Regulatory Links to Plant Defence Against Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Proximity driven plastid-nucleus relationships are facilitated by tandem plastid-ER dynamics.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Identifying nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor and pathogen effector pairing using transfer-learning and bilinear attention network.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Stromule Geometry Allows Optimal Spatial Regulation of Organelle Interactions in the Quasi-2D Cytoplasm.Plant & cell physiology · 2024Article
- The NLR immune receptor ADR1 and lipase-like proteins EDS1 and PAD4 mediate stomatal immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Calponin homology domain containing kinesin, KIS1, regulates chloroplast stromule formation and immunity.Science advances · 2023Article
- Pepper mild mottle virus coat protein interacts with pepper chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein OMP24 to inhibit antiviral immunity in plants.Horticulture research · 2023Article
- Small family, big impact: RNL helper NLRs and their importance in plant innate immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Ubiquitin E3 ligase activity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Nicotiana benthamiana, the expression of the Xanthomonas effector XANTHOMONAS OUTER PROTEIN Q (XopQ) triggers RECOGNITION OF XOPQ1 (ROQ1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses accompanied by the accumulation of plastids around the nucleus and the formation of stromules. Both plastid clustering and stromules were proposed to contribute to ETI-related hypersensitive cell death and thereby to plant immunity. Whether these reactions are directly connected to ETI signaling events has not been tested. Here, we utilized transient expression experiments to determine whether XopQ-triggered plastid reactions are a result of XopQ perception by the immune receptor ROQ1 or a consequence of XopQ virulence activity. We found that N. benthamiana mutants lacking ROQ1, ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1, or the helper NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT IMMUNE RECEPTORS (NLRs) N-REQUIRED GENE 1 (NRG1) and ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE 1 (ADR1), fail to elicit XopQ-dependent host cell death and stromule formation. Mutants lacking only NRG1 lost XopQ-dependent cell death but retained some stromule induction that was abolished in the nrg1_adr1 double mutant. This analysis aligns XopQ-triggered stromules with the ETI signaling cascade but not to host programmed cell death. Furthermore, data reveal that XopQ-triggered plastid clustering is not strictly linked to stromule formation during ETI. Our data suggest that stromule formation, in contrast to chloroplast perinuclear dynamics, is an integral part of the N. benthamiana ETI response and that both NRG1 and ADR1 hNLRs play a role in this ETI response.
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