ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2023
Antibody and T-Cell Subsets Analysis Unveils an Immune Profile Heterogeneity Mediating Long-term Responses in Individuals Vaccinated Against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Refined phenotyping of vaccine responses reveals transcriptomic determinants of neutralizing antibody heterogeneity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Persistent IFN-I signaling associated with the HIV-1 reservoir fuels immune exhaustion and reveals therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Establishing long-lasting vaccine immunity: insights from mRNA and adjuvanted protein platforms.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Distinct features of humoral and cellular immunity against Omicron breakthrough infection among chronic liver disease patients: An experience from a follow-up cohort.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Immunity in COVID-19-Naive Vaccinated Individuals with and Without Spike Protein IgG Antibodies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.Nature aging · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBased on the fact that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading despite worldwide vaccine administration, there is an imperative need to understand the underlying mechanisms of vaccine-induced interindividual immune response variations.
methodsWe compared humoral and cellular immune responses in 127 individuals vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine.
resultsBoth mRNA vaccines induced faster and stronger humoral responses as assessed by high spike- and RBD-specific antibody titers and neutralizing efficacy in comparison to ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine. At 7 months postvaccination, a decreasing trend in humoral responses was observed, irrespective of the vaccine administered. Correlation analysis between anti-S1 IgG and interferon- (IFN-) production unveiled a heterogeneous immune profile among BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals. Specifically, vaccination in the high-responder group induced sizable populations of polyfunctional memory CD4 helper T cells (TH1), follicular helper T cells (TFH), and T cells with features of stemness (TSCM), along with high neutralizing antibody production that persisted up to 7 months. In contrast, low responders were characterized by significantly lower antibody titers and memory T cells and a considerably lower capacity for interleukin-2 and IFN- production.
conclusionsWe identified that long-term humoral responses correlate with the individuals ability to produce antigen-specific persistent memory T-cell populations.
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Registered trials
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