ArticleGenome medicine2022
The WID-CIN test identifies women with, and at risk of, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer.
Article in Genome medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05678426 (TirolGESUND), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TirolGESUND: General Exercise, Smoking Undone, and Nutrition Diet
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylation biomarkers in non-regressive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 lesions: an epigenome wide association study.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Individualised progesterone receptor modulator prevention strategies for triple-negative breast cancer in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Review
- Observational
- Evaluation of Therapeutic Options in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Narrative Review and Clinical Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of DNA Methylation Markers for Detecting Cervical Precancer and Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in the application of gene methylation detection in cervical cancer screening.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- DNA Methylation in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer: Triage and Management.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- CINPred: a risk prediction tool for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Functionally enriched epigenetic clocks reveal tissue-specific discordant aging patterns in individuals with cancer.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Epigenetic signatures in surrogate tissues are able to assess cancer risk and indicate the efficacy of preventive measures.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- The Swedish Cervical Screening Cohort.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Molecular analysis for ovarian cancer detection in patient-friendly samples.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- DNA methylation-based detection and prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer with the WID™-qCIN test.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- The WID-CIN test identifies women with, and at risk of, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer.Genome medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCervical screening is transitioning from primary cytology to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. HPV testing is highly sensitive but there is currently no high-specificity triage method for colposcopy referral to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or above (CIN3+) in women positive for high-risk (hr) HPV subtypes. An objective, automatable test that could accurately perform triage, independently of sample heterogeneity and age, is urgently required.
methodsWe analyzed DNA methylation at ~850,000 CpG sites across the genome in a total of 1254 cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples from cases of screen-detected histologically verified CIN1-3+ (98% hrHPV-positive) and population-based control women free from any cervical disease (100% hrHPV-positive). Samples were provided by a state-of-the-art population-based cohort biobank and consisted of (i) a discovery set of 170 CIN3+ cases and 202 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; (ii) a diagnostic validation set of 87 CIN3+, 90 CIN2, 166 CIN1, and 111 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; and (iii) a predictive validation set of 428 cytology-negative samples (418 hrHPV-positive) of which 210 were diagnosed with CIN3+ in the upcoming 1-4 years and 218 remained disease-free.
resultsWe developed the WID-CIN (Women's cancer risk IDentification-Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) test, a DNA methylation signature consisting of 5000 CpG sites. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) in the independent diagnostic validation set was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.96). At 75% specificity (≤CIN1), the overall sensitivity to detect CIN3+ is 89.7% (83.3-96.1) in all and 92.7% (85.9-99.6) and 65.6% (49.2-82.1) in women aged ≥30 and <30. In hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative samples in the predictive validation set, the WID-CIN detected 54.8% (48.0-61.5) cases developing 1-4 years after sample donation in all ages or 56.9% (47.6-66.2) and 53.5% (43.7-63.2) in ≥30 and <30-year-old women, at a specificity of 75%.
conclusionsThe WID-CIN test identifies the vast majority of hrHPV-positive women with current CIN3+ lesions. In the absence of cytologic abnormalities, a positive WID-CIN test result is likely to indicate a significantly increased risk of developing CIN3+ in the near future.
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