ArticleCell reports. Medicine2022
A comparative characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by mRNA or inactive virus COVID-19 vaccines.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of European studies published up to 22 January 2024.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Antibody Fc receptor binding and T cell responses to homologous and heterologous immunization with inactivated or mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Article
- Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Renaissance of antiviral CD8Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Four doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination for patients with inborn errors of immunity compared to 3 doses for healthy individuals.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- An mRNA Vaccine with Tandem Mutated HA-NA Confers Protection Against Multiple Strains of H1N1 Influenza.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Mechanisms underlying immunodynamics of layered defenses elicited by mRNA vaccination in children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Refined phenotyping of vaccine responses reveals transcriptomic determinants of neutralizing antibody heterogeneity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among health students, focusing on methodological concerns.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- T cell epitope mapping reveals immunodominance of evolutionarily conserved regions within SARS-CoV-2 proteome.iScience · 2025Article
- Human T Cell Responses to Flavivirus Vaccines.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Quantitative Immunoglobulin G and Interferon-Gamma Responses After Different Booster Strategies of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Türkiye.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine design using the proteome ofmSphere · 2025Article
- Role of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Pan-Variant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Induce Protective Immunity by Targeting Conserved Epitopes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- The guided fire from within: intratumoral administration of mRNA-based vaccines to mobilize memory immunity and direct immune responses against pathogen to target solid tumors.Cell discovery · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Vaccination in Lung Cancer: Past Attempts, Current Approaches and Future Promises.Journal of respiratory biology and translational medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the spike protein, inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines should induce a diversified T cell response recognizing distinct structural proteins. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in healthy individuals following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA vaccines. Relative to spike mRNA vaccination, inactivated vaccines elicit a lower magnitude of spike-specific T cells, but the combination of membrane, nucleoprotein, and spike-specific T cell response is quantitatively comparable with the sole spike T cell response induced by mRNA vaccine, and they efficiently tolerate the mutations characterizing the Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein-specific T cell response is not mediated by a coordinated CD4 and CD8 T cell expansion but by selective priming of CD4 T cells. These findings can help in understanding the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the efficacy of the different vaccines to control severe COVID-19 after Omicron infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.