ArticleEuropean radiology2023
Imaging features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related nephritis with clinical correlation: a retrospective series of biopsy-proven cases.
Article in European radiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for nephrologists.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- F18-FDG PET-CT in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis: what is the diagnostic value?Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Urinary Chemokines in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Nephritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical Implications of Striated Nephrogram in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Immune-related [Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2024Article
- F18-FDG PET imaging as a diagnostic tool for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- A New Era for PET/CT: Applications in Non-Tumorous Renal Pathologies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- IsCancers · 2024Review
- Nephrotoxicity in the Age of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immunological mechanisms underlying clinical phenotypes and noninvasive diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced kidney disease.Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- Onconephrology 2022: An Update.Kidney360 · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesImaging appearances of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related nephritis have not yet been described. The primary objective of this study is to describe the appearances of immunotherapy-related nephritis on computerized tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The secondary objectives are to investigate the association of radiologic features with clinical outcomes.
methodsCT and PET-CT scans before the initiation of immunotherapy (baseline), at nephritis, and after resolution of pathology-proven nephritis cases were reviewed. Total kidney volume, renal parenchymal SUVmax, renal pelvis SUVmax, and blood pool SUVmean were obtained.
resultsThirty-four patients were included. The total kidney volume was significantly higher at nephritis compared to baseline (464.7 ± 96.8 mL vs. 371.7 ± 187.7 mL; p < 0.001). Fifteen patients (44.1%) had > 30% increase in total kidney volume, which was associated with significantly higher renal toxicity grade (p = 0.007), higher peak creatinine level (p = 0.004), and more aggressive medical treatment (p = 0.011). New/increasing perinephric fat stranding was noted in 10 patients (29.4%) at nephritis. Among 8 patients with contrast-enhanced CT at nephritis, one (12.5%) developed bilateral wedge-shaped hypoenhancing cortical. On PET-CT, the renal parenchymal SUVmax-to-blood pool ratio was significantly higher at nephritis compared to baseline (2.13 vs. 1.68; p = 0.035). The renal pelvis SUVmax-to-blood pool SUVmean ratio was significantly lower at nephritis compared to baseline (3.47 vs. 8.22; p = 0.011).
conclusionsBilateral increase in kidney size, new/increasing perinephric stranding, and bilateral wedge-shaped hypoenhancing cortical foci can occur in immunotherapy-related nephritis. On PET-CT, a diffuse increase in radiotracer uptake throughout the renal cortex and a decrease in radiotracer activity in the renal pelvis can be seen. KEY POINTS: • CT features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related nephritis include an increase in kidney volume, new/increasing perinephric stranding, and bilateral ill-defined wedge-shaped hypoenhancing cortical foci. • FDG-PET features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related nephritis include an increase in FDG uptake throughout the renal cortex and a decrease in FDG activity/excretion in the collecting system. • > 30% increase in total kidney volume is associated with worse toxicity grade and more aggressive medical management.
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