ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2023
Exposure, Susceptibility, and Recovery: A Framework for Examining the Intersection of the Social and Physical Environments and Infectious Disease Risk.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating mathematical modelling and artificial intelligence to combat emerging viral syndemics: A systematic review.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- The Danish Infection Cohort: a resource for population based infectious disease epidemiology.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Understanding adverse events following immunisation: evidence of vaccine safety and coincidental events from 3 years of surveillance.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Future Goals and Long-term Vision of the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium/Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit Network.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Where you live and where you receive care: Using cross-classified multilevel modeling to examine hospital and neighborhood variation in in-hospital mortality and mortality disparities.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- 'Community people are the most powerful resources': qualitative critical realist analysis and framework to support co-produced responses to zoonotic disease threats with(in) Nepali communities.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Timing of Infection as a Key Driver of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality Rates During the Prevaccine Period.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- An integrated framework for antimicrobial resistance: links with climate change and vulnerability.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- The association of combinations of social factors and SARs-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, 2020-2021.Dialogues in health · 2024Article
- The embodiment of the neighborhood socioeconomic environment in the architecture of the immune system.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- The role of place-based factors and other social determinants of health on adverse post-sepsis outcomes: a review of the literature.Frontiers in disaster and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Kubale et al. Respond to "Sociological Imagination and Infectious Disease".American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Invited Commentary: To Make Long-Term Gains Against Infection Inequity, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Needs to Develop a More Sociological Imagination.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Incorporating social environment data in infectious disease research.The Lancet. Public health · 2023Article
- Exposure, perceived risk, and psychological distress among general population during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan, China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
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3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite well-documented evidence that structurally disadvantaged populations are disproportionately affected by infectious diseases, our understanding of the pathways that connect structural disadvantage to the burden of infectious diseases is limited. We propose a conceptual framework to facilitate more rigorous examination and testing of hypothesized mechanisms through which social and environmental factors shape the burden of infectious diseases and lead to persistent inequities. Drawing upon the principles laid out by Link and Phelan in their landmark paper on social conditions (J Health Soc Behav. 1995;(spec no.):80-94), we offer an explication of potential pathways through which structural disadvantage (e.g., racism, sexism, and economic deprivation) operates to produce infectious disease inequities. Specifically, we describe how the social environment affects an individual's risk of infectious disease by 1) increasing exposure to infectious pathogens and 2) increasing susceptibility to infection. This framework will facilitate both the systematic examination of the ways in which structural disadvantage shapes the burden of infectious disease and the design of interventions that can disrupt these pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.