ArticlePsychiatric research and clinical practice2022
Toxoplasmosis and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Associations and Future Directions.
Article in Psychiatric research and clinical practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Seroprevalence of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG among the human population in Indonesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Cat Ownership and Schizophrenia-Related Disorders and Psychotic-Like Experiences: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Toxoplasma gondii infection and testosterone alteration: A systematic review and meta-analyses.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Evidence-based atlas of risk and protective factors for psychotic disorders: an umbrella review to inform personalized prognosis and prevention.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Special Issue: Does latent Toxoplasma infection mimic the immune profile of schizophrenia? Sex-specific cytokine and brain-marker alterations suggest partial overlap.Folia parasitologica · 2026Article
- Latent Cerebral Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Induces the Kynurenine Pathway and Production of Neurotoxic Metabolites.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2026Article
- Molecular Mimicry BetweenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A review of natural products as a source of next-generation drugs against apicomplexan parasites.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Toxoplasma gondii associated with psychotic symptom load and cortisol in severe mental illness.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Association of neurobiological and immune serum biomarkers with Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with schizophrenia.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Molecular Mimicry betweenBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Genetic disruption of dopamine β-hydroxylase dysregulates innate responses to predator odor in mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Positive Toxoplasma IgG Serology Is Associated with Increased Overall Mortality - A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Genetic disruption of dopamine β-hydroxylase dysregulates innate responses to predator odor in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Chronic infection by atypicalBrain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Article
- Neuroparasitology- A New Horizon.Tropical parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A potential link between toxoplasmosis with schizophrenia (SCZ) has been extensively studied over the past 2 decades. Our study was aimed to determine whether, beyond an association, the field is primed for randomized clinical trials of anti- Methods: We performed a methodological appraisal of toxoplasmosis-SCZ association studies, a meta-analysis, and a compilation of claims and pathophysiologic hypotheses. Results: We analyzed 66 studies with 11,540 patients with SCZ and 69,491 controls. For patients with SCZ, 54 studies targeted Conclusion: A large number of observational studies revealed a modest to large association between toxoplasmosis and SCZ. Although important methodological biases were identified, further association studies are unlikely to change this association and are not justified. It is time to test this association in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials of first line anti-
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.