ArticleArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2023
Sexual dimorphism of the fetal brain biometry: an MRI-based study.
Article in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Super-resolution MRI-derived brainstem and cerebellar volumes in fetuses between 22 weeks and 32 weeks of gestation.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Normal growth, sexual dimorphism, and lateral asymmetry of the fetal posterior fossa during the late second and third trimesters.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Sex-dimorphic reprogramming of fetal mouse brain development by maternal estradiol excess.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of the prediction of fetal growth restriction using the ratio of fetal cerebellar transverse diameter to abdominal circumference combined with uterine artery blood flow parameters.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Assessing the Agreement Between Diffusion Tension Imaging (DTI) and T2-Weighted MRI Sequence for Biometry of the Fetal Corpus Callosum.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Agreement between Fetal Brain Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Measurements of the Corpus Callosum and Transverse Cerebellar Diameter.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessment of fetal corpus callosum biometry by 3D super-resolution reconstructed T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI-based sex differences in the human fetal brain.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeFetal growth assessment is a key component of prenatal care. Sex-specific fetal brain nomograms on ultrasound are available and are clinically used. In recent years, the use of fetal MRI has been increasing; however, there are no sex-specific fetal CNS nomograms on MRI. The study aimed to assess the differences in fetal brain biometry and growth trajectories and to create population-based standards of the fetal brain on MRI.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, brain structures of singleton fetuses with normal brain MRI scans were analyzed: biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, trans-cerebellar diameter, and the corpus callosum were measured and converted into centiles. Sex-specific nomograms were created.
resultsA total of 3848 MRI scans were performed in one tertiary medical center between 2011 and 2019; of them, 598 fetuses met the inclusion criteria, 300 males and 298 females between 28- and 37-weeks' gestation. Males had significantly larger occipitofrontal diameter than females (median 75%, IQR 54-88%; median 61%, IQR 40-77%) and biparietal diameter (median 63%, IQR 42-82%; median 50%, IQR 25-73%), respectively (p < 0.001). The cerebellum had the greatest growth rate, with a 1.5-fold increase in diameter between 28 and 37 weeks' gestation, with no measurement difference between the sexes (p = 0.239). No significant difference was found in the corpus callosum (p = 0.074).
conclusionMeasuring both sexes on the same nomograms may result in over-estimation of male fetuses and under-estimation of females. We provide fetal sex-specific nomograms on two-dimensional MRI.
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