ReviewThe Lancet. Public health2022
Developing an effective and sustainable national immunisation programme in China: issues and challenges.
Review in The Lancet. Public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Minimum Data Set and Metadata for Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Passive surveillance of adverse events following immunization for National Immunization Program vaccines in Shenyang, China, 2009-2024.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Vaccination coverage and influencing factors of four non‑National Immunization Program vaccines: A cross‑sectional survey among children aged 1‒6 years in Beijing, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of chronic hepatitis B, 1990-2021, and projections to 2030: An urgent call for action to achieve hepatitis B elimination goals by 2030.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Spatial and Temporal Disparities in Timely Hepatitis B Birth-Dose Vaccination in Chongqing, China, 2016-2025.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Vaccine Hesitancy Among Caregivers in China: Associations of Misinterpreted AEFI, Compensation Awareness, and Institutional Trust.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Trends in incidence and DALYs of infectious disease from 2000 to 2023 and the attributable risk factors in China: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Estimating the economic burden of lower respiratory infections in China from 2020 to 2040: a health-augmented macroeconomic modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Economic evaluation of national immunization program vaccines in China: a systematic review.Health economics review · 2026Review
- Evaluation of TST/C-TST combination for latent tuberculosis infection screening: diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness compared to TST/IGRAs.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Service delivery costs of vaccination at health facilities in Guangzhou, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Administration of non-national immunization program vaccines for children under six in a rural county, Henan Province: Did costs matter?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Trends in epidemics pertaining to notifiable infectious diseases in China and prediction models for key diseases: a case study of Ziyang County.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A scoping review of human papillomavirus related data system in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Financing the introduction of new vaccines to the national immunisation programme in China: challenges and options for action.BMJ global health · 2025Review
- The burden and trends of infectious diseases among children aged 14 and below in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the 2021 global burden of disease study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Yeast vaccine production platform for human and animal infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Public Preference and Priorities for Including Vaccines in China's National Immunization Program: Discrete Choice Experiment.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- The equity road ahead for financing non-national immunization program vaccines in China: challenges and opportunities from a qualitative study.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since its establishment in 1978, China's National Immunization Program has made remarkable achievements in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. The National Immunization Program is a vertically integrated programme in the health system, which delivers immunisation services to children. However, achieving the ambitious goals of the Immunization Agenda 2030 and Healthy China 2030 will require overcoming challenges to the National Immunization Program's future expansion and development. Key challenges include inclusion of all WHO-recommended vaccines into the routine programme, improving the function and support of the National Immunization Advisory Committee, increasing and sustaining reliable vaccination financing, ensuring uninterrupted vaccine supplies, overcoming regional disparities in immunisation practices and cold chain processes, strengthening the workforce, and integrating immunisation information systems into all aspects of the programme. It is crucially important to strengthen the National Immunization Program to attain universal coverage of life-saving vaccines in China and meet the 2030 goals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.