ArticleJournal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)2022
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) codon adapts well to the gene expression profile of liver cancer: an evolutionary explanation for HBV's oncogenic role.
Article in Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host mature tRNAome as a decoding switch regulates antiviral and proviral responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Codon Usage Evolution in Viruses: Implications for Survival and Pathogenicity.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- Decoding codon usage in human papillomavirus type 59.Virus genes · 2025Article
- Predicting viral host codon fitness and path shifting through tree-based learning on codon usage biases and genomic characteristics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting moderate-to-severe pain in hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer patients after CyberKnife treatment.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics and system biology approach to discover the common pathogenetic processes between COVID-19 and chronic hepatitis B.PloS one · 2025Article
- Krüppel-like factor 15 in liver diseases: Insights into metabolic reprogramming.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the evolutionary arms race between hosts and viruses, viruses must adapt to host translation systems to rapidly synthesize viral proteins. Highly expressed genes in hosts have a codon bias related to tRNA abundance, the primary RNA translation rate determinant. We calculated the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of three hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, and HCV), SARS-CoV-2, 30 human tissues, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After comparing RSCU between viruses and human tissues, we calculated the codon adaptation index (CAI) of viral and human genes. HBV and HCV showed the highest correlations with HCC and the normal liver, while SARS-CoV-2 had the strongest association with lungs. In addition, based on HCC RSCU, the CAI of HBV and HCV genes was the highest. HBV and HCV preferentially adapt to the tRNA pool in HCC, facilitating viral RNA translation. After an initial trigger, rapid HBV/HCV translation and replication may change normal liver cells into HCC cells. Our findings reveal a novel perspective on virus-mediated oncogenesis.
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Registered trials
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