Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36249475›Full record

ArticleDigital health

Commercial smartwatch with pulse oximeter detects short-time hypoxemia as well as standard medical-grade device: Validation study.

Jakub Rafl, Thomas E Bachman, Veronika Rafl-Huttova, Simon Walzel, Martin Rozanek

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Digital health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04780724 nacompletednot on this map

Evaluation of SpO2 Measurement Using a Smartwatch

TypeinterventionalSponsorCzech Technical University in PragueRan2021 to 2021Enrolled24ConditionsHypoxia, HypercapniaArmsHypoxic gas mixture, Hypercapnic and hypoxic gas mixture, SpO2 measurement
NCT05657288 naunknown statusnot on this map

SpO2 Comparison Between Commercial Smartwatch and Medical-grade Pulse Oximeter

TypeinterventionalSponsorCzech Technical University in PragueRan2022 to 2023Enrolled40ConditionsHypoxia, Pulse OximetryArmsBreathing mixtures of O2 and N2 and monitoring SpO2 on finger and left wrist
NCT05789563 nacompletednot on this map

Comparison of SpO2 Measurement Accuracy of Different Types of Smartwatches

TypeinterventionalSponsorCzech Technical University in PragueRan2023 to 2023Enrolled18ConditionsHypoxiaArmsHypoxia and Smartwatch model
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Smartwatch Detection of Refractory Hypoxemia in Phenazopyridine-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Transforming in-clinic post-operative and intermediate care with cosinuss°.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. The Apple Watch spONPJ digital medicine · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jakub RaflDepartment of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-9354
Thomas E BachmanDepartment of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.
Veronika Rafl-HuttovaDepartment of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7370-5667
Simon WalzelDepartment of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.
Martin RozanekDepartment of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: We investigated how a commercially available smartwatch that measures peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO Methods: We recruited 24 healthy participants. Each participant wore a smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 6) on the left wrist and a pulse oximeter sensor (Masimo Radical-7) on the left middle finger. The participants breathed via a breathing circuit with a three-way non-rebreathing valve in three phases. First, in the 2-minute initial stabilization phase, the participants inhaled the ambient air. Then in the 5-minute desaturation phase, the participants breathed the oxygen-reduced gas mixture (12% O Results: There were 642 individual pairs of SpO Conclusions: Apple Watch Series 6 can reliably detect states of reduced blood oxygen saturation with SpO Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04780724.

Indexed as

Apple Watchhypoxemiahypoxic gas mixtureoxygen saturationpulse oximetryreflectance modeWearables

Identifiers

PMID36249475
PMCPMC9554125

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.