ArticlePerspectives on behavior science2022
Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple-Baseline Design Variations.
Article in Perspectives on behavior science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Optimal and Minimal Doses of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Psychological Distress: A Meta-Analysis, Meta-Regression, and Subgroup Analysis of Controlled Trials.Administration and policy in mental health · 2026Pooled it
- Psychometric Properties of Eating Behaviour Instruments for Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Pooled it
- An Analysis of Teaching Menstrual Care Skills Using Single-Subject Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Developmentally Tailored Telehealth-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Adolescents with Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Design.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Trial
- Staff Training to Improve the Preschool Educational Environment for Children with Special Needs.Behavior analysis in practice · 2026Article
- Videoconferencing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder in an Emergency Room in Mexico: A Multiple Baseline Design.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- A Preliminary Analysis of Joint Control Procedures to Teach Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Report Missing Items.Behavior analysis in practice · 2026Article
- Basic Technology to Support Stimulation Access, Activity, and Correct Posture in Individuals With Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: Development and Usability Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- Caregiver-Mediated Enhanced Milieu Teaching with Shared Book Reading Using Telepractice-Based Coaching.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of I-Connect to Increase Communication Initiations of Elementary Students on the Autism Spectrum.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Play-Based Naturalistic Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Intervention: Educator Fidelity and Effects on Communication and Peer Interactions.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Using Behavioral Skills Training to Teach Caregivers to Implement Mand Training With Their Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Single Case Research.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- The impact of the Schmetterling NBI Program on selective eating behavior: evaluation of creative therapeutic interventions across three families of children with autism spectrum disorder.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Increasing PRIDE Skills for Child Engagement Using CDI-Only iPCIT with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- The Development and Implementation of a Simulation Orientation Curriculum for Newly Hired Pediatric Emergency Medicine Attending Physicians.AEM education and training · 2026Article
- Design and analysis of individually randomized multiple baseline factorial trials.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- The Effectiveness of Khan Academy in Teaching Elementary Math.Behavior analysis in practice · 2025Article
- Instant Behavioral Pharmacology: How to Conduct a Multiple-Baseline Experiment with Animals in under an Hour.Perspectives on behavior science · 2025Article
- A Technology-Aided Program to Help People With Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities Access Leisure Stimuli and Engage in Cognitive and Physical Activity: Development and Usability Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple baseline designs-both concurrent and nonconcurrent-are the predominant experimental design in modern applied behavior analytic research and are increasingly employed in other disciplines. In the past, there was significant controversy regarding the relative rigor of concurrent and nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs. The consensus in recent textbooks and methodological papers is that nonconcurrent designs are less rigorous than concurrent designs because of their presumed limited ability to address the threat of coincidental events (i.e., history). This skepticism of nonconcurrent designs stems from an emphasis on the importance of across-tier comparisons and relatively low importance placed on replicated within-tier comparisons for addressing threats to internal validity and establishing experimental control. In this article, we argue that the primary reliance on across-tier comparisons and the resulting deprecation of nonconcurrent designs are not well-justified. In this article, we first define multiple baseline designs, describe common threats to internal validity, and delineate the two bases for controlling these threats. Second, we briefly summarize historical methodological writing and current textbook treatment of these designs. Third, we explore how concurrent and nonconcurrent multiple baselines address each of the main threats to internal validity. Finally, we make recommendations for more rigorous use, reporting, and evaluation of multiple baseline designs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.