ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Sex hormones, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiome: Major influencers of the sexual dimorphisms in obesity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Bioactive dietary polyphenols modulate hippocampal inflammasome activation and sex-specific affective behavioral deficits following peripheral Foxp3Research square · 2026Article
- Sources of Variation in Fecal Haptoglobin in a Population of Wild Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus imitator).American journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Shaping the Female Microbiome: A Review of Lifestyle Factors Influencing the Vaginal, Gut, Oral, and Skin Microenvironments.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Bifidobacterium's Influential Role in the Battle Against Obesity: Going Beyond Probiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Endotoxins and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Obesity and Associated Noncommunicable Diseases: A Focus on Sex Differences.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Effects of combined prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress on immune and dopaminergic gene expression in the gut-brain axis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Sexual function in chronic illness and cancer perspectives of the patient, partner, and healthcare provider; innovations; and updates: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024).Sexual medicine reviews · 2026Review
- Microecological modulators-new perspectives for treating sex hormone disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis and aromatic amino acid metabolism alterations: a multi-omics analysis of cognitive impairment following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Research advances on estrogen deficiency leading to depression.Translational neuroscience · 2026Review
- Sex differences in endothelial cell biology: cellular phenotypes and molecular regulators.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide and the gut microbiota-obesity axis: metabolic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Effects of Sex, Smoking, and Physical Activity on Metabolic Syndrome Among Current Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Taiwan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 Cell Wall (Formerly Classified as a Prebiotic): Exploring In Vitro and In Vivo Benefits.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Discovering a new paradigm: Gut microbiota as a central modulator of sexual health.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Health disorders in menopausal women: microbiome alterations, associated problems, and possible treatments.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for "Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day".Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with an increased risk of developing major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. There are clear sexual dimorphisms in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and sequelae of obesity and its accompanying metabolic disorders, with females often better protected compared to males. This protection has predominantly been attributed to the female sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recently, the sexual dimorphisms of obesity have also been attributed to the differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and the intestinal immune system. This review will comprehensively summarize the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for these sexual dimorphisms and discuss the interplay between sex hormones, intestinal inflammation and the gut microbiome in obesity. Major gaps and limitations of this rapidly growing area of research will also be highlighted in this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.