ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron show a slower host cell interferon response compared to an early pandemic variant.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computational evaluation ofCurrent research in structural biology · 2026Article
- Previous COVID-19 Vaccination Modulates Type I Interferon and Natural Killer Cell Responses During SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Central role of glycosylation processes in human genetic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infections with Omicron variants.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Stealth replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in the nasal epithelium at physiological temperature.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Domain-Specific Impacts of Spike Protein Mutations on Infectivity and Antibody Escape in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 variants induce increased inflammatory gene expression but reduced interferon responses and heme synthesis as compared with wild type strains.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Interferon signaling in the nasal epithelium distinguishes among lethal and common cold coronaviruses and mediates viral clearance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Interferon signaling in the nasal epithelium distinguishes among lethal and common cold respiratory viruses and is critical for viral clearance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Co-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host immune response trajectories underlie COVID-19 pandemic to epidemic transition.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Infectious viruses from transfected SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- On the Evolutionary Trajectory of SARS-CoV-2: Host Immunity as a Driver of Adaptation in RNA Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the start of the pandemic at the end of 2019, arising mutations in SARS-CoV-2 have improved its transmission and ability to circumvent the immunity induced by vaccination and previous COVID-19 infection. Studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 genomic mutations on replication and innate immunity will give us valuable insight into the evolution of the virus which can aid in further development of vaccines and new treatment modalities. Here we systematically analyzed the kinetics of virus replication, innate immune activation, and host cell antiviral response patterns in Alpha, Beta, Delta, Kappa, Omicron and two early pandemic SARS-CoV-2 variant-infected human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells. We observed overall comparable replication patterns for these variants with modest variations. Particularly, the sublineages of Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and a recombinant sublineage, XJ, all showed attenuated replication in Calu-3 cells compared to Alpha and Delta. Furthermore, there was relatively weak activation of primary innate immune signaling pathways, however, all variants produced enough interferons to induce the activation of STAT2 and production of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). While interferon mRNA expression and STAT2 activation correlated with cellular viral RNA levels, ISG production did not. Although clear cut effects of specific SARS-CoV-2 genomic mutations could not be concluded, the variants of concern, including Omicron, showed a lower replication efficiency and a slower interferon response compared to an early pandemic variant in the study.
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