ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Association between immune-related adverse events and the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in advanced esophageal cancer.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of neoadjuvant immunotherapy versus routine neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Clinical outcomes of adjuvant nivolumab following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer: A single-center retrospective cohort study.Surgery today · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy plus immunochemotherapy in patients with oligometastatic esophageal cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of immune-related adverse events on treatment outcomes in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Adverse drug reaction assessment of pembrolizumab and nivolumab in esophageal cancer treatment based on the US FAERS database.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The predictive role of PNI and NRS2002 for postoperative pulmonary complications in ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by McKeown esophagectomy: a retrospective cohort study.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Association Between Treatment-Related Adverse Event Trajectory and Prognosis in Esophageal Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Association between reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation and the efficacy of camrelizumab in esophageal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Characterising immune-related adverse events in different types of cancer among Chinese patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Value of the lung immune prognostic index in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer treated with programmed death-ligand 1 and programmed death-1 inhibitors in the Chinese alpine region.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Recent developments in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the treatment outcomes of esophageal cancer (EC); however, it may initiate immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in some patients. The ICIs' therapeutic efficacy is associated with irAEs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma, although this association is unknown in EC. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between irAEs and the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in EC patients. Patients and methods: This study included patients with advanced EC treated with PD-1 inhibitors. The patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of irAEs. Afterward, the efficacy was compared between the irAE-negative and irAE-positive groups, and we analyzed the predictive factors of irAEs and survival. Results: Overall, 295 patients were included in this study. Baseline characteristics were balanced in the irAE-negative and irAE-positive groups. In total, 143 (48.47%) patients experienced irAEs. The most frequent irAEs were anemia (49, 16.61%), hyperthyroidism (45, 15.25%), and pneumonitis (44, 14.92%). In total, 33 (11.19%) patients had grade ≥ 3 irAEs and pneumonitis have 15 (5.08%). No grade 5 adverse events were observed. A total of 52 (17.63%) and 91 (30.85%) patients had single and multiple irAEs, respectively. Compared with patients without irAEs, those with irAEs had significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) (37.76% vs. 25.00%, p = 0.018) and disease control rate (DCR) (92.31% vs. 83.55%, p = 0.022). Univariate Cox analyses indicated the significant association between irAEs and improved median progression-free survival (PFS) (10.27 vs. 6.2 months, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (15.4 vs. 9.2 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, irAEs were independently associated with longer PFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p = 0.002). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that cycles > 8, radiation, as well as antiangiogenic therapy were strongly associated with irAEs development (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.025, respectively). Conclusion: In advanced EC, patients with irAEs showed markedly better efficacy in ORR, DCR, PFS, and OS compared with patients without irAEs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.