ArticleDystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland)2022
Clinical Features and Evolution of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter International Cohort and Systematic Literature Review.
Article in Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of IncobotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter, Phase 3 Study in Japan.Toxins · 2026Trial
- An Exploratory, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Dipraglurant for Blepharospasm.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Trial
- White matter microstructural alterations correlate with clinical characteristics in craniocervical dystonia.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Neuropathic Corneal Pain and Blepharospasm: A Case Series.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond the Neck: Long-Term Motor and Non-motor Outcomes of Pallidal DBS in Craniocervical Dystonia.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- High Dose AbobotulinumtoxinA for Blepharospasm: A Case Report on the Safety and Efficacy of 500 Units of AbobotulinumtoxinA.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Use of explainable cluster analysis to identify distinct subtypes of Meige syndrome patients and associated biomarker profiles.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- High-Density Glasses in Blepharospasm: Influence of Migraine and Early Morning Effects.Cureus · 2025Article
- [Meige syndrome with dyspnea as main manifestation: a report of one case and literature review].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025Review
- Development of a Patient-Centered Outcome Tool for Blepharospasm: A Stepwise Modified Delphi Study.Toxins · 2025Article
- Multidimensional structural analyses revealed a correlation between thalamic atrophy and white matter degeneration in idiopathic dystonia.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Putaminal-cortical circuits predict response of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in the primary Meige syndrome after 5 years.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Brain functional network topology and connectivity in primary blepharospasm.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Article
- Lesion-Induced Blepharospasm: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- External Factors Modulating Pain and Pain-Related Functional Impairment in Cervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Describing Clinical Features of Movement Disorders for Effective Research Reporting.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Oromandibular dystonia: from onset to spread a multicenter italian study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal Gait Differences before and after Botulinum Toxin in People with Focal Dystonia: A Pilot Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Cerebellar Dysfunction as a Source of Dystonic Phenotypes in Mice.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 12 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia where the diagnosis is often delayed because its varied clinical manifestations are not well recognized. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive picture of its clinical features including presenting features, motor features, and non-motor features. Methods: This was a two-part study. The first part involved a systematic literature review that summarized clinical features for 10,324 cases taken from 41 prior reports. The second part involved a summary of clinical features for 884 cases enrolled in a large multicenter cohort collected by the Dystonia Coalition investigators, along with an analysis of the factors that contribute to the spread of dystonia beyond the periocular region. Results: For cases in the literature and the Dystonia Coalition, blepharospasm emerged in the 50s and was more frequent in women. Many presented with non-specific motor symptoms such as increased blinking (51.9%) or non-motor sensory features such as eye soreness or pain (38.7%), photophobia (35.5%), or dry eyes (10.7%). Non-motor psychiatric features were also common including anxiety disorders (34-40%) and depression (21-24%). Among cases presenting with blepharospasm in the Dystonia Coalition cohort, 61% experienced spread of dystonia to other regions, most commonly the oromandibular region and neck. Features associated with spread included severity of blepharospasm, family history of dystonia, depression, and anxiety. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive summary of motor and non-motor features of blepharospasm, along with novel insights into factors that may be responsible for its poor diagnostic recognition and natural history.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.