ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2022
How dysregulation of the immune system promotes diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk complications.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and dental caries in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- The cardiovascular-immune axis: crosstalk and therapy in atherosclerosis, myocarditis and vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The interplay between recovery and immunity in infectious and non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Immunocytes Play a Crucial Role as Mediators in the Protective Effects of D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase 1 against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization StudyEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for tuberculosis, COVID-19, and HIV/AIDS.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- The multifunctional role of bovine colostrum in managing diabetes: clinical insights and potential therapeutic effects.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Fasting and Postprandial DNA Methylation Signatures in Adipose Tissue from Asymptomatic Individuals with Metabolic Alterations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immune Dysregulation Connecting Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Network toxicology and bioinformatics analysis reveal the molecular mechanisms of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in exacerbating diabetic nephropathy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of macro-vascular complications among type 2 diabetic adults aged 50 and over: results from Ardakan cohort study on aging (ACSA).Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune and Angiogenic Profiling of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functions in a Subcutaneous Microenvironment for Allogeneic Islet Transplantation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Role of Glycemic Control in Inflammation Markers and Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Severe COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Properties of M2 Macrophages in Chronic Wounds: An Innovative Area of Biomaterial-Assisted M2 Macrophage Targeted Therapy.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Pyroptosis-Mediator GSDMD in Plasma: A Promising Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Implications of prognostic nutritional index in predicting adverse outcomes of uncontrolled diabetic patients: a cohort study of the national health and nutrition examination survey from 2005 - 2018.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Salivary features of periodontitis and gingivitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Circulating mannose-binding lectin in diabetic patients and risk of vascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance or failure to produce insulin. Patients with DM develop microvascular complications that include chronic kidney disease and retinopathy, and macrovascular complications that mainly consist in an accelerated and more severe atherosclerosis compared to the general population, increasing the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, such as stroke or myocardial infarction by 2- to 4-fold. DM is commonly associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation that is a known causal factor in its development and its complications. Moreover, it is now well-established that inflammation and immune cells play a major role in both atherosclerosis genesis and progression, as well as in CV event occurrence. In this review, after a brief presentation of DM physiopathology and its macrovascular complications, we will describe the immune system dysregulation present in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and discuss its role in DM cardiovascular complications development. More specifically, we will review the metabolic changes and aberrant activation that occur in the immune cells driving the chronic inflammation through cytokine and chemokine secretion, thus promoting atherosclerosis onset and progression in a DM context. Finally, we will discuss how genetics and recent systemic approaches bring new insights into the mechanisms behind these inflammatory dysregulations and pave the way toward precision medicine.
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