ArticleThe archives of bone and joint surgery2022
Effects of External Focus and Motor Control Training in Comparison with Motor Control Training Alone on Pain, Thickness of Trunk Muscles and Function of Patients with Recurrent Low Back Pain: A Single Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in The archives of bone and joint surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual reality-based therapy after anterior cruciate ligament injury effectively reduces pain and improves knee function, movement patterns, and dynamic balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Exercises Performed with External Focus Instructions on Transversus Abdominis Thickness in Postpartum Women with Diastasis Recti.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Components of Lumbar Motor Control Are Not Inter-related.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2024Article
- Radiofrequency Ablation for the Management of Pain of Spinal Origin in Orthopedics.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Recurrent low back pain (RLBP) affects different structures in the lumbar spine. Exercise therapy is highly recommended as one of the first-line treatments. One crucial variable introduced to enhance RLBP is the external focus. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of external focus training on pain, the thickness of transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles, kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance beliefs, and disability of people with RLBP. Methods: This randomized-controlled trial consisted of 38 RLBP patients. Patients were randomly divided into two groups the treatment group (n=19) that received external focus training in addition to motor control training and the control group (n=19) that received motor control training alone. The primary outcome was pain intensity, and secondary outcomes were the thickness of TrA, IO, EO, LM muscles, kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance beliefs, and disability that were measured at the baseline and after 16 sessions of interventions. The interventions were performed three sessions weekly. Results: Reduction in pain intensity was more significant in the intervention group than in the control group ( Conclusion: In RLBP patients, external focus and motor control training could effectively reduce the pain. Although this intervention could increase the thickness of the TrA muscle of RLBP, it has no significant effect on the thickness of IO, EO, and LM muscles. In addition, the obtained results indicated that this intervention has no significant effect on kinesiophobia, fear-avoidance beliefs, and disability
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.