ArticlePreventive medicine reports2022
How do environmental characteristics jointly contribute to cardiometabolic health? A quantile g-computation mixture analysis.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of co-ethnic exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes in racial and ethnic minoritized populations.Public health reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Interconnected environments and the mental health of young people in Aotearoa New Zealand: a longitudinal geospatial study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Mixtures of key components of the external exposome in association with MRI biomarkers of brain structure: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Effect of individual and combined ambient air pollutants exposure on the risk of preeclampsia: a retrospective cohort study in Tangshan, China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Subgroup analyses and effect modification with Bayesian kernel machine regression.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Independent and joint associations of key social exposome components with cognitive aging: triangulating evidence through cross-national data.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The association between prenatal exposure to mixed air pollutants and birth defects risk: a population-based study in Tangshan, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The individual and joint effects of long-term exposure to temperature and relative humidity on blood pressure: a prospective cohort study in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating evidence links cardiometabolic health with social and environmental neighborhood exposures, which may contribute to health inequities. We examined whether environmental characteristics were individually or jointly associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in San Diego County, CA. As part of the Community of Mine Study, cardiometabolic outcomes of insulin resistance, hypertension, BMI, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome were collected in 570 participants. Seven census tract level characteristics of participants' residential environment were assessed and grouped as follows: economic, education, health care access, neighborhood conditions, social environment, transportation, and clean environment. Generalized estimating equation models were performed, to take into account the clustered nature of the data and to estimate β or relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) between each of the seven environmental characteristics and cardiometabolic outcomes. Quantile g-computation was used to examine the association between the joint effect of a simultaneous increase in all environmental characteristics and cardiometabolic outcomes. Among 570 participants (mean age 58.8 ± 11 years), environmental economic, educational and health characteristics were individually associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In the mixture analyses, a joint quartile increase in all environmental characteristics (i.e., improvement) was associated with decreasing insulin resistance (β, 95 %CI: -0.09, -0.18-0.01)), risk of diabetes (RR, 95 %CI: 0.59, 0.36-0.98) and obesity (RR, 95 %CI: 0.81, 0.64-1.02). Environmental characteristics synergistically contribute to cardiometabolic health and independent analysis of these determinants may not fully capture the potential health impact of social and environmental determinants of health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.