ArticleBiological psychiatry2023
Genomic Stratification of Clozapine Prescription Patterns Using Schizophrenia Polygenic Scores.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacogenomic scores in psychiatry: systematic review of current evidence.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Big data and psychiatry: advances, constraints and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk scores in pharmacogenomics: methodological challenges, current applications, and perspectives for clinical implementation.Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2026Article
- A scoping review of genetic studies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: discoveries and directions.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2025Review
- Polygenic and pharmacogenomic contributions to medication dosing: a real-world longitudinal biobank study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Transdiagnostic Effects of Schizophrenia Polygenic Scores on Treatment Outcomes in Major Psychiatric Disorders.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- How Real-World Data Can Facilitate the Development of Precision Medicine Treatment in Psychiatry.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Genome-wide association analysis of treatment resistant schizophrenia for variant discovery and polygenic assessment.Human genomics · 2024Article
- Genetic contribution to disease-course severity and progression in the SUPER-Finland study, a cohort of 10,403 individuals with psychotic disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenomics polygenic risk score: Ready or not for prime time?Clinical and translational science · 2024Review
- Polygenic liability for antipsychotic dosage and polypharmacy - a real-world registry and biobank study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Mediation and longitudinal analysis to interpret the association between clozapine pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomics, and absolute neutrophil count.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of clozapine in an ancestrally diverse sample: a longitudinal analysis and genome-wide association study using UK clinical monitoring data.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cellular Genome-wide Association Study Identifies Common Genetic Variation Influencing Lithium-Induced Neural Progenitor Proliferation.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- Second to none: rationale, timing, and clinical management of clozapine use in schizophrenia.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTreatment-resistant schizophrenia affects approximately 30% of individuals with the disorder. Clozapine is the medication of choice in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but optimizing administration and dose titration is complex. The identification of factors influencing clozapine prescription and response, including genetics, is of interest in a precision psychiatry framework.
methodsWe used linear regression models accounting for demographic, pharmacological, and clinical covariates to determine whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia would be associated with the highest dose recorded during clozapine treatment. Analyses were performed across 2 independent multiancestry samples of individuals from a UK patient monitoring system, CLOZUK2 (n = 3133) and CLOZUK3 (n = 909), and a European sample from a Norwegian therapeutic drug monitoring service (n = 417). In a secondary analysis merging both UK cohorts, logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between schizophrenia PRSs and clozapine doses classified as low, standard, or high.
resultsAfter controlling for relevant covariates, the schizophrenia PRS was correlated with the highest clozapine dose on record for each individual across all samples: CLOZUK2 (β = 12.22, SE = 3.78, p = .001), CLOZUK3 (β = 12.73, SE = 5.99, p = .034), and the Norwegian cohort (β = 46.45, SE = 18.83, p = .014). In a secondary analysis, the schizophrenia PRS was associated with taking clozapine doses >600 mg/day (odds ratio = 1.279, p = .006).
conclusionsThe schizophrenia PRS was associated with the highest clozapine dose prescribed for an individual in records from 3 independent samples, suggesting that the genetic liability for schizophrenia might index factors associated with therapeutic decisions in cohorts of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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