SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2023
Disentangling the Relationships Between the Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Theory of Mind: A Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mentalizing impairments across 11 psychiatric conditions: A transdiagnostic systematic review and network meta-analysis of tasks with static illustrations.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Spontaneous mentalizing in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Emotion Processing and Its Relationship to Social Functioning and Symptoms in Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- "A room of one's own": Exploring the role of delusions and social isolation on disorganisation in thought disorder.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Behavioral differences in cooperation between patients with schizophrenia and control participants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Jumping to conclusions bias in early psychosis: Relationships with symptom dimensions, neurocognition and social cognition.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Theory of mind difficulties in people with social anhedonia: Evidence from behavioural and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging findings.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Default Mode Network, Disorganization, and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Social cognitive deficits and their relationship with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Assessing directional connections between symptoms, cognition, insight, and real-life functioning in schizophrenia: a partial ancestor graphs analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Theory-of-mind improvement in schizophrenia after integrative cognitive remediation: which patients benefit more?Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of early visual processing, social cognition, and functional outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Review
- Mentalizing impairments and hypermentalizing bias in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and at-risk mental state: the differential roles of neurocognition and social anxiety.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Adaptation of the virtual assessment of mentalizing ability and evaluation of its utility and psychometric properties in Chinese individuals on the schizophrenia spectrum.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The effect of avatar identity on spontaneous perspective-taking in patients with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Altered neural response to social awkwardness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- Two Sides of Theory of Mind: Mental State Attribution to Moving Shapes in Paranoid Schizophrenia Is Independent of the Severity of Positive Symptoms.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Validation of behavioral measures of social cognition in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Correlations between Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Deficits in Individuals at First Psychotic Episode or at High Risk of Psychosis: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Deficits in Key Brain Network for Social Interaction in Individuals with Schizophrenia.Brain sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and hypothesisPrevious studies have suggested links between clinical symptoms and theory of mind (ToM) impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but it remains unclear whether some symptoms are more strongly linked to ToM than others. STUDY
designA meta-analysis (Prospero; CRD42021259723) was conducted to quantify and compare the strength of the associations between ToM and the clinical symptoms of SSD (Positive, Negative, Cognitive/Disorganization, Depression/Anxiety, Excitability/Hostility). Studies (N = 130, 137 samples) including people with SSD and reporting a correlation between clinical symptoms and ToM were retrieved from Pubmed, PsycNet, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Proquest, WorldCat, and Open Gray. Correlations for each dimension and each symptom were entered into a random-effect model using a Fisher's r-to-z transformation and were compared using focused-tests. Publication bias was assessed with the Rosenthal failsafe and by inspecting the funnel plot and the standardized residual histogram. STUDY
resultsThe Cognitive/Disorganization (Zr = 0.28) and Negative (Zr = 0.24) dimensions revealed a small to moderate association with ToM, which was significantly stronger than the other dimensions. Within the Cognitive/Disorganization dimension, Difficulty in abstract thinking (Zr = 0.36) and Conceptual disorganization (Zr = 0.39) showed the strongest associations with ToM. The association with the Positive dimension (Zr = 0.16) was small and significantly stronger than the relationship with Depression/Anxiety (Zr = 0.09). Stronger associations were observed between ToM and clinical symptoms in younger patients, those with an earlier age at onset of illness and for tasks assessing a combination of different mental states.
conclusionsThe relationships between Cognitive/Disorganization, Negative symptoms, and ToM should be considered in treating individuals with SSD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.