ArticleJournal of translational medicine2022
Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite and air pollutant, increases blood pressure and markers of kidney damage including proteinuria and KIM-1 in rats.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Biologics for cardiovascular diseases: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- [Mechanisms of gutZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Bridging gut microbiota and renal health: Klotho as a promising therapeutic agent in DKD.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Investigation of ED4 supplementation on cardiovascular parameters in rats with elevated systemic TMAO.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Impact of diet and nutritional status on gingival crevicular fluid metabolome and microbiome in people with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic targeting of PRSS3 to alleviate kidney damage in DKD.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Cardiorenal syndrome: clinical diagnosis, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Review
- Lifelong TMAO exposure exerts hypotensive effects in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring Trimethylaminuria: Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2024Review
- Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds Produced by the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Exploring the gut microbiome: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as key players in human health and disease improvement.Food science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Metabolomic and genomic insights into TMA degradation by a novel halotolerant strain - Paracoccus sp. PS1.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit increased liver flavin monooxygenase expression and elevated plasma TMAO levels compared to normotensive and Ang II-dependent hypertensive rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Review
- Article
- Inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases induced by persistent organic pollutants and nutritional interventions: Effects of multi-organ interactions.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2023Review
- Review
- Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTrimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker in cardiovascular and renal diseases. TMAO originates from the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA), a product of gut microbiota and manufacturing industries-derived pollutant, by flavin monooxygenases (FMOs). The effect of chronic exposure to TMA on cardiovascular and renal systems is undetermined.
methodsMetabolic, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological evaluations were performed in 12-week-old male SPRD rats receiving water (controls) or TMA (200 or 500 µM/day) in water for 18 weeks. TMA and TMAO levels, the expression of FMOs and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes were evaluated in various tissues.
resultsIn comparison to controls, rats receiving high dose of TMA had significantly increased arterial systolic blood pressure (126.3 ± 11.4 vs 151.2 ± 19.9 mmHg; P = 0.01), urine protein to creatinine ratio (1.6 (1.5; 2.8) vs 3.4 (3.3; 4.2); P = 0.01), urine KIM-1 levels (2338.3 ± 732.0 vs. 3519.0 ± 953.0 pg/mL; P = 0.01), and hypertrophy of the tunica media of arteries and arterioles (36.61 ± 0.15 vs 45.05 ± 2.90 µm, P = 0.001 and 18.44 ± 0.62 vs 23.79 ± 2.60 µm, P = 0.006; respectively). Mild degeneration of renal bodies with glomerulosclerosis was also observed. There was no significant difference between the three groups in body weight, water-electrolyte balance, echocardiographic parameters and RAS expression. TMA groups had marginally increased 24 h TMA urine excretion, whereas serum levels and 24 h TMAO urine excretion were increased up to 24-fold, and significantly increased TMAO levels in the liver, kidneys and heart. TMA groups had lower FMOs expression in the kidneys.
conclusionsChronic exposure to TMA increases blood pressure and increases markers of kidney damage, including proteinuria and KIM-1. TMA is rapidly oxidized to TMAO in rats, which may limit the toxic effects of TMA on other organs.
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